to be around something on all sides

يحيط, يحاصر
to trace the existence or origin of something to a specific point in time

يعود, يتتبع
a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

حضارة, مجتمع
an area of scenery visible in a single view

مشهد طبيعي, بانوراما
including or consisting of many different types

متنوع, مختلف
to be or remain in a specific state or position

بقي, ظل
to bring something into a state of stability or harmony

يُوازِن, يُنَسِّق
a situation that allows one to have two different advantages at the same time

أفضل ما في الأمرين, الجمع بين ميزتين
a collection of countries governed by a single authority

إمبراطورية, إمبراطورية
something that has been successfully done, particularly through hard work

إنجاز, تحقيق
to cover a significant distance or expanse

يمتد, يغطي
to increase the size, number, importance, or value of something

توسيع, زيادة
a long and artificial passage built and filled with water for ships to travel along or used to transfer water to other places

قناة, ممر مائي
a large building that is the official home of a powerful or very important person such as a king, queen, pope, etc.

قصر, قصر ملكي
to experience or endure a process, change, or event

يخضع ل, يتحمل
a country ruled by a king or queen whose powers are limited by law and elected officials hold most authority

ملكية دستورية, نظام ملكي دستوري
the act of finding something for the first time and before others

اكتشاف, إيجاد
the sphere of international politics, culture, or public attention where countries and major figures interact
the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

دستور
to update or improve something

تحديث, تحسين
the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

البنية التحتية, البنى التحتية
to forcefully remove a person of authority or power from their position

الإطاحة, عزل
the act or process of creating, founding, or bringing something into existence

تأسيس, إنشاء
the action or process of causing significant damage to something, rendering it unable to exist or continue in its normal state

تدمير, خراب
involving a particular region or geographic area

إقليمي, محلي
a type of writing that uses special language, rhythm, and imagery to express emotions and ideas

شعر
in a way that surpasses or extends past a particular limit, point, or stage

ما وراء, أبعد من
a feeling of much respect for and approval of someone or something

إعجاب, تقدير
to hold dear and deeply appreciate something or someone

يعتز, يقدر بعمق
related to Iran, its language, or people

فارسي, إيراني
to be subjected to or experience a particular reaction or feedback from others

يتلقى, يحصل على
a method or style of cooking that is specific to a country or region

مطبخ
food made with pieces of meat and vegetables roasted or grilled on fire, typically on a skewer

كباب, سيخ
a dish of vegetables or meat cooked at a low temperature in liquid in a closed container

يخنة, حساء
a plant with seeds, leaves, or flowers used for cooking or medicine, such as mint and parsley

عشب, نبات عطري
a small, solid sugar cube used for sweetening beverages

مكعب سكر, قطعة سكر
to like being with someone and find their presence pleasant or enjoyable
the presence of a variety of distinct characteristics within a group

تنوع
(of vegetation) growing densely and looking strong and healthy

خضرة, غني
(of land or soil) able to produce crops or plants well

خصب
to get out of or avoid an unpleasant situation

يهرب, يتجنب
offering exceptional comfort, high quality, and indulgence

فاخر, رفاهية
to relax and stop worrying after being under stress

الاسترخاء, التخلص من التوتر
used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

من ناحية أخرى, على الجانب الآخر
a tropical tree or shrub bearing fruit that germinates while still on the tree and having numerous prop roots that eventually form an impenetrable mass and are important in land building

شجرة المانغروف, المانغروف
all wild animals, considered as a whole, living in the natural environment

الحياة البرية, الحيوانات البرية
the pointed top of a mountain

قمة, ذروة
a mountain with an opening on its top, from which melted rock and ash can be pushed out into the air

بركان, جبل بركاني
to possess or exhibit a specific vertical height

يقيس, يمتلك
to accept something as a challenge

قبول, تحدي
a marketplace, often outdoors, where goods and sometimes services are exchanged or sold

بازار, سوق
a practice requiring experience and skill, in which objects are made with one's hands

حرفة, صنعة
an area of stores or a group of stores built together in one area

مركز تسوق, مجمع تجاري
describing two or more things that are positioned next to each other

جنبًا إلى جنب, متجاوران
a large family group consisting of parents and children that might also include grandparents, aunts, or uncles

العائلة الممتدة, العائلة الكبيرة
to regard highly and consider something as important, beneficial, or worthy of appreciation

يقدر, يقدّر
an impressive or remarkable achievement or accomplishment, often requiring great skill or strength

إنجاز, إنجاز ملحوظ
able to be trusted to perform consistently well and meet expectations

موثوق به, جدير بالثقة
| مفردات الشرق الأوسط | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Iran | المملكة العربية السعودية | لبنان | سوريا |
| العراق | الإمارات العربية المتحدة | الأردن | اليمن |
| عُمان | |||
