الوحدة 8 - 8 أ

impressive

صفة

/ɪmp.rɛ.sɪv/ or /ايمب.رِ.سيو/

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

m

m

م

p

p

ب

r

r

ر

e

ɛ

اِ

ss

s

س

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

v

v

و

e

(مثير للدهشة)

مثير للإعجاب

causing admiration because of size, skill, importance, etc.

upsetting

صفة

/əp.sɛ.tɪng/ or /اِب.سِ.تينك/

u

ə

اِ

p

p

ب

s

s

س

e

ɛ

اِ

tt

t

ت

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

n

n

ن

g

g

ك

(مزعج)

مؤسف

causing sadness, anger, or concern

distressing

صفة

/dɪst.rɛ.sɪng/ or /ديست.رِ.سينك/

d

d

د

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

s

s

س

t

t

ت

r

r

ر

e

ɛ

اِ

ss

s

س

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

n

n

ن

g

g

ك

(مزعج)

مؤلم

causing feelings of discomfort, sadness, or anxiety

countless

صفة

/kaʊnt.ləs/ or /كاونت.لِس/

c

k

ك

o

a

آ

u

ʊ

او~اُ

n

n

ن

t

t

ت

l

l

ل

e

ə

اِ

ss

s

س

(لا يعد ولا يحصى)

لا حصر له

so numerous that it cannot be easily counted or quantified

wiped-out

صفة

/wˈaɪptˈaʊt/

(محى بالكامل)

مدمر بالكامل

completely destroyed or eliminated

to be better off

عبارة

/bˈɛɾɚɹ ˈɔf/

N/A

Idiom

to find oneself in a better condition or situation

to base on

فعل

/bˈeɪs ˈɑːn/

(تأسس على)

استند إلى

to develop something using certain facts, ideas, situations, etc.

to rise

فعل

/raɪz/ or /رايز/

r

r

ر

i

aɪ

آاي~اِ

s

z

ز

e

(صعد)

ارتفع

to move from a lower to a higher position

to depend on

فعل

/dɪpˈɛnd ˈɑːn/

(يتوقف على)

يعتمد على

to be determined or affected by something else

ingredient

اسم

/ɪng.ri.diənt/ or /اينك.ري.ديِنت/

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

n

n

ن

g

g

ك

r

r

ر

e

i

اي

d

d

د

ie

iə

اياِ

n

n

ن

t

t

ت

(عنصر)

مكون

a substance or material used in making a dish, product, or mixture

to threaten

فعل

/ˈθɹɛtən/

N/A

to say that one is willing to damage something or hurt someone if one's demands are not met

to attack

فعل

/ə.tæk/ or /اِ.تَك/

a

ə

اِ

tt

t

ت

a

æ

اَ

ck

k

ك

(اِعتَدَى على)

هَجمَ

to act violently against someone or something to try to harm them

fraction

اسم

/fræk.ʃən/ or /فرَك.شِن/

f

f

ف

r

r

ر

a

æ

اَ

c

k

ك

t

ʃ

ش

io

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

(جزء من الكل)

كسر

a part of a whole number, such as ½

to concern

فعل

/kən.sɜrn/ or /كِن.سِرن/

c

k

ك

o

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

c

s

س

e

ɜ

اِ

r

r

ر

n

n

ن

(اهتم)

أقلق

to cause someone to worry

environmental

صفة

/ɪn.vaɪ.rən.mɛn.əl/ or /اين.واي.رِن.مِن.اِل/

e

ɪ

اي~اِ

n

n

ن

v

v

و

i

aɪ

آاي~اِ

r

r

ر

o

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

m

m

م

e

ɛ

اِ

n

n

ن

t

a

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

(محافظ على البيئة)

بيئي

relating to the natural world and effects of human actions on it

to ban

فعل

/bæn/ or /بَن/

b

b

ب

a

æ

اَ

n

n

ن

(منع)

حظر

to officially forbid a particular action, item, or practice

to cause

فعل

/kɑz/ or /كاز/

c

k

ك

au

ɑ

آ

s

z

ز

e

(يَتَسَبَّب)

يُسَبِّب

to make something happen, usually something bad

to conserve

فعل

/kən.sɜrv/ or /كِن.سِرو/

c

k

ك

o

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

s

s

س

e

ɜ

اِ

r

r

ر

v

v

و

e

(صانَ)

حفظ

to keep something from change or harm

to maintain

فعل

/meɪn.teɪn/ or /مِين.تِين/

m

m

م

ai

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

n

n

ن

t

t

ت

ai

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

n

n

ن

(تحتفظ)

تحافظ

to make something stay in the same state or condition

to prevent

فعل

/prɪ.vɛnt/ or /بري.وِنت/

p

p

ب

r

r

ر

e

ɪ

اي~اِ

v

v

و

e

ɛ

اِ

n

n

ن

t

t

ت

(أوقف)

منع

to not let someone do something

to reduce

فعل

/rɪ.dus/ or /ري.دوس/

r

r

ر

e

ɪ

اي~اِ

d

d

د

u

u

او

c

s

س

e

(يخفض)

يقلل

to make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.

to threaten

فعل

/θrɛ.tən/ or /ثرِ.تِن/

th

θ

ث

r

r

ر

ea

ɛ

اِ

t

t

ت

e

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

(توعد)

هدد

to say that one is willing to damage something or hurt someone if one's demands are not met

to protect

فعل

/prə.tɛkt/ or /برِ.تِكت/

p

p

ب

r

r

ر

o

ə

اِ

t

t

ت

e

ɛ

اِ

c

k

ك

t

t

ت

(يحمي)

يحمى

to prevent someone or something from being damaged or harmed

nature

اسم

/neɪ.ʧər/ or /نِي.جِر/

n

n

ن

a

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

t

ʧ

ج

u

ə

اِ

r

r

ر

e

(عالم الطبيعة)

طبيعة

everything that exists or happens on the earth, excluding things that humans make or control

harmful

صفة

/hɑrm.fəl/ or /هارم.فِل/

h

h

ه

a

ɑ

آ

r

r

ر

m

m

م

f

f

ف

u

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

(مُؤذٍ)

ضار

causing damage or negative effects to someone or something

resource

اسم

/ˈriˌsɔrs/

(المصادر)

الموارد

(usually plural) a country's gas, oil, trees, etc. that are considered valuable and therefore can be sold to gain wealth

ecosystem

اسم

/ɛ.koʊ.sɪs.təm/ or /اِ.كُو.سيس.تِم/

e

i

اي

c

k

ك

o

oʊ

اُاو~اُ

s

s

س

y

ɪ

اي~اِ

s

s

س

t

t

ت

e

ə

اِ

m

m

م

(بيئة حيوية)

نظام بيئي

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

species

اسم

/spi.ʃiz/ or /اِسبي.شيز/

s

s

س

p

p

ب

e

i

اي

c

ʃ

ش

ie

i

اي

s

z

ز

(فصيلة)

نوع

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

carbon

اسم

/kɑr.bən/ or /كار.بِن/

c

k

ك

a

ɑ

آ

r

r

ر

b

b

ب

o

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

(الكربون)

كربون

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

habitat

اسم

/hæ.bə.tæt/ or /هَ.بِ.تَت/

h

h

ه

a

æ

اَ

b

b

ب

i

ə

اِ

t

t

ت

a

æ

اَ

t

t

ت

(بيئة)

موطن

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows