(فهرس المراجع)
قائمة المصادر
a list of books and articles used by an author to support or reference their written work
A bibliography is a list of sources, such as books, articles, and other materials, that an author has referenced or consulted in the process of writing a book or document. It is usually placed at the end of the work and provides readers with the information needed to locate the original sources. The bibliography helps to credit the work of other authors and researchers, shows the research behind the text, and can guide readers to additional resources on the subject. It is commonly used in academic, non-fiction, and research-based writing.
(نظرية مبدئية)
فرضية
an explanation based on limited facts and evidence that is not yet proved to be true
(الترتيب التجريبي)
المتغير التجريبي
a factor or condition that is deliberately changed in an experiment to observe its effect on the outcome
(نسخ)
تكرار
the repetition of a scientific study to confirm or challenge its results
(نمط)
نموذج
a selection of theories and ideas that explain how a particular school, subject, or discipline is generally understood
(التركيب)
التوليف
the process of creating new knowledge or understanding by integrating existing information
(الخصوصية)
السرية
the assurance that sensitive information will not be divulged without proper consent
(استشهاد)
اقتباس
a line or sentence taken from a book or speech
(فرضية)
أطروحة
a statement that someone presents as a topic to be argued or examined
(رسالة)
أطروحة
a long piece of writing on a particular subject that a university student presents in order to get an advanced degree
A dissertation is a long and detailed written work, typically required for advanced academic degrees, where the author conducts original research on a specific topic. It presents the findings, analysis, and conclusions drawn from the research, often after years of study. Dissertations are usually more in-depth than other academic papers and aim to contribute new knowledge to the field. They are expected to demonstrate the author's expertise in the subject, as well as their ability to conduct independent research, organize complex information, and communicate their findings clearly.
(فحص دقيق)
تحليل قاسٍ
a very harsh and thorough examination or analysis
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