(الرايبوسوم)
ريبوسوم
a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
(الجهاز جولجي)
جهاز جولجي
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
معلومات نحوية:
(الليزوزوم)
الجسيم الحالة
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
(العضية الميتوكوندرية)
الميتوكوندريون
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
(الكلوروبلاست)
بلاستيدات الخضراء
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
(السيتوبلازم)
سيتوبلازم
the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures
(المادة الخلوية (باستثناء النواة))
السيتوبلاست
a cell that has had its nucleus removed or the cellular material excluding the nucleus
(الشبكة الهيكلية)
هيكل الخلية
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
(حمض نووي)
نوكليوتيد
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
(المادة الوراثية الكاملة)
الجينوم
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
(سلسلة ببتيدية)
بولي ببتيد
a linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein
(عضية خلوية)
عضية
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
(فجوات الخلية)
فجوة
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
(هياكل مركزية)
جسيمات مركزية
a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle
(متحسر)
تيلومير
a repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development
(بروتين هيستوني)
هيستون
a type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin
(ظاهرة وراثية)
فينوتيب
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
(توازن الحالة الداخلية)
التوازن الداخلي
the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes
(ترجمة جينية)
ترجمة
the process by which the information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is converted into a functional product, typically a protein
(ترتيب الحمض النووي)
نسخ الحمض النووي
the process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule
(تناسخ)
نسخ
the process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division
(مُخالف الجينات)
هجين
an individual organism or cell with two different alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited different genetic information from each parent
(مُتَشَابِهِ الجِين)
هُومُوزَيْجُوت
an individual organism or cell with two identical alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited the same genetic information from both parents
(شفرة جينية)
كودون
a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process
(تفاعل تكافلي)
تعايش
a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both
(أميبا وحيدة الخلية)
أميبا
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
معلومات نحوية:
(غلاف بروتيني)
كبسيد
the protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection
(صَباغٌ أَخضَرُ)
كلوروفيل
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
(كائنات حقيقية النوى)
حقيقيات النوى
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
(رَزِقَ)
جنين
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
(خلية بيضية)
بويضة
a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote
(إنزيم بيبسين)
بيبسين
an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides
Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that plays a crucial role in the human body's digestion of proteins. It is produced in the stomach and acts to break down large protein molecules into smaller peptides. Pepsin works optimally in the acidic environment of the stomach, where it helps initiate the process of protein digestion, enabling the body to absorb essential amino acids for various biological functions.
(أدينوسين ثلاثي الفوسفات)
أدينوزين ثلاثي الفوسفات
a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups
معلومات نحوية:
(خلايا بدائية النواة)
بدائيات النوى
a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea
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