
(خليج ضيق)
مضيق
a narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water, often linking two seas or an inlet with a larger expanse of water

(نهر جليدي)
كتلة جليدية
a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

(سهل خضري)
سافانا
an expansive flat land covered in grass, scattered with trees, and found in tropical or subtropical areas

(الخط الزمني)
خط الطول
one of the imaginary lines between the North Pole and the South Pole, drawn on maps to help pinpoint a location

(طبوغرافيا)
تضاريس
the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area, including elevation, slope, landforms, and bodies of water

(خرائطية)
رسم الخرائط
a branch of science and art that consists of creating maps
Cartography is the art and science of making maps. It involves designing and creating visual representations of geographic areas, such as countries, cities, or specific locations. Cartographers use various tools and techniques to accurately depict features like mountains, rivers, roads, and landmarks. The goal of cartography is to provide clear and useful maps that help people understand and navigate different places.

(حيد مرجاني الحلقة)
جزيرة حلقية
a circular coral reef with a lagoon in the middle

(خور)
جدول
a narrow, shallow watercourse, often flowing through a confined natural channel

(مغذيات)
روافد
a watercourse that flows into a larger river or body of water

(مروج مائية)
مستنقع
an area of soft, wet, low-lying land, typically characterized by grasses and other non-woody plants, and often found at the edges of lakes, rivers, or coastal areas

(منحدر)
هضبة مائلة
a steep, high slope or cliff formed by erosion

(كتف)
تل منخفض
a hill with steep, flat sides and a flat top, often found in desert areas

(ماء متساقط)
شلال
a large waterfall where water rushes forcefully over a height

(فوهة الجبل البركاني)
فوهة البركان
the round top of a volcano

(الخليج)
مصب النهر
the part of a river that is wide and where it meets the sea

(خليج جليدي)
فجوة بحرية
a steep, deep, and narrow sea inlet surrounded by tall cliffs, created by a glacier

(ينابيع حارة)
نافورة طبيعية
a natural hot spring that periodically erupts with a column of boiling water and steam due to underground volcanic activity

(جسر أرضي)
برزخ
a narrow piece of land with water on each side that connects two larger areas

(مستنقع)
بحيرة ساحلية
a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water, often by a barrier island, coral reef, or sandbar

(حافة)
هاوية
a steep cliff or edge of a rock face, often with a significant drop

(مَغَارَة)
وادي عميق
a deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually worn by a stream

(علو)
ارتفاع
the distance between an object or point and sea level

(تلة)
تل صغير
a small, rounded hill or mound, often found in a grassy or wooded area

(أرضية)
تضاريس
an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

(كتلة حجرية)
صخرة
a large rock, usually one that has been shaped by natural forces such as water or ice

(شَاطِئٌ مُرَبَّعٌ)
شَاطِئٌ مَحَارٌ
a beach or shoreline covered with small, smooth, rounded stones or pebbles, typically found along coasts or riverbanks

(منارة)
رأس
a large, pointed piece of land that extends into a sea, ocean, or other large body of water
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