Biology

culture

اسم

/kʌl.ʧər/ or /كال.جِر/

c

k

ك

u

ʌ

آ

l

l

ل

t

ʧ

ج

u

ə

اِ

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r

ر

e

(ثقافة)

زراعة

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

metabolism

اسم

/mə.tæ.bə.lɪ.zəm/ or /مِ.تَ.بِ.لي.زِم/

m

m

م

e

ə

اِ

t

t

ت

a

æ

اَ

b

b

ب

o

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

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z

ز

ə

اِ

m

m

م

(الاستقلاب)

الأيض

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

specimen

اسم

/spɛ.sə.mən/ or /اِسبِ.سِ.مِن/

s

s

س

p

p

ب

e

ɛ

اِ

c

s

س

i

ə

اِ

m

m

م

e

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

(نمونة)

عينة

a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination

strain

اسم

/streɪn/ or /اِسترِين/

s

s

س

t

t

ت

r

r

ر

ai

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

n

n

ن

(نسل)

سلالة

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

to excrete

فعل

/ɪksk.rit/ or /ايكسك.ريت/

e

ɪ

اي~اِ

x

ks

كس

c

k

ك

r

r

ر

e

i

اي

t

t

ت

e

(يخرج)

يفرز

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

eukaryote

اسم

/ju:.ka.rɪoʊt/ or /يو.كا.ريُوت/

eu

ju:

ياو

k

k

ك

a

a

آ

r

r

ر

y

ɪ

اي~اِ

o

oʊ

اُاو~اُ

t

t

ت

e

(كائنات حقيقية النوى)

حقيقيات النوى

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

asexual reproduction

اسم

/eɪsˈɛkʃuːəl ɹɪpɹədˈʌkʃən/

(توالد لاجنسي)

تكاثر لاجنسي

a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism

meiosis

اسم

/maɪoʊss/ or /مايُوسس/

m

m

م

eio

aɪoʊ

آاي~اِاُاو~اُ

s

s

س

i

s

s

س

(الانقسام الميوزي)

انقسام الاختزال

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

mitosis

اسم

/maɪ.toʊ.sɪs/ or /ماي.تُو.سيس/

m

m

م

i

aɪ

آاي~اِ

t

t

ت

o

oʊ

اُاو~اُ

s

s

س

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

s

s

س

(تنصيف الخلايا)

انقسام الخلايا

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

interphase

اسم

/ɪn.tər.feɪz/ or /اين.تِر.فِيز/

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

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n

ن

t

t

ت

e

ə

اِ

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r

ر

ph

f

ف

a

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

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z

ز

e

(الطور الفاصل)

الطور البيني

the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions

prophase

اسم

/proʊ.feɪz/ or /برُو.فِيز/

p

p

ب

r

r

ر

o

ɑ:

آ

ph

f

ف

a

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

s

z

ز

e

(الطور الأول من الانقسام الخلوي)

الطور التمهيدي

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

metaphase

اسم

/mɛ.tə.feɪz/ or /مِ.تِ.فِيز/

m

m

م

e

ɛ

اِ

t

t

ت

a

ə

اِ

ph

f

ف

a

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

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z

ز

e

(المرحلة الاستوائية)

الطور الاستوائي

the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs along the equator of the cell, preparing for their separation into haploid daughter cells

anaphase

اسم

/æ.na.feɪz/ or /اَ.نا.فِيز/

a

æ

اَ

n

n

ن

a

a

آ

ph

f

ف

a

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

s

z

ز

e

(أنيphase)

مرحلة الطور الانفصالي

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

telophase

اسم

/tɛ.lə.feɪz/ or /تِ.لِ.فِيز/

t

t

ت

e

ɛ

اِ

l

l

ل

o

ə

اِ

ph

f

ف

a

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

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z

ز

e

(الطور التليفوني)

الطور النهائي

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

to biodegrade

فعل

/baɪoʊ.dɪg.reɪd/ or /بايُو.ديك.رِيد/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آاي~اِاُاو~اُ

d

d

د

e

ɪ

اي~اِ

g

g

ك

r

r

ر

a

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

d

d

د

e

(يتعفن)

يتحلل

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biomolecule

اسم

/baɪoʊ.mɑ.lə.kjul/ or /بايُو.ما.لِ.كيول/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آاي~اِاُاو~اُ

m

m

م

o

ɑ:

آ

l

l

ل

e

ɪ

اي~اِ

c

k

ك

u

ju:

ياو

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l

ل

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(مركب حيوي)

جزيء حيوي

any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

bioinformatics

اسم

/baɪoʊ.ɪn.fɜr.mæ.tɪks/ or /بايُو.اين.فِر.مَ.تيكس/

b

b

ب

ioi

aɪoʊɪ

آاي~اِاُاو~اُاي~اِ

n

n

ن

f

f

ف

o

ɔ:

آ~اُ

r

r

ر

m

m

م

a

æ

اَ

t

t

ت

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

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k

ك

s

s

س

(علم المعلومات الحياتية)

المعلوماتية الحيوية

a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data

biocompatible

صفة

/baɪoʊ.kəm.pæ.tə.bəl/ or /بايُو.كِم.بَ.تِ.بِل/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آاي~اِاُاو~اُ

c

k

ك

o

ə

اِ

m

m

م

p

p

ب

a

æ

اَ

t

t

ت

i

ə

اِ

b

b

ب

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

e

(متوافق حيويًا)

حيوي متوافق

not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems

biometrics

اسم

/baɪoʊ.mɛt.rɪks/ or /بايُو.مِت.ريكس/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آاي~اِاُاو~اُ

m

m

م

e

e

اِ

t

t

ت

r

r

ر

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

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k

ك

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s

س

(علم قياسات الحياة)

البيومترية

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

mucus

اسم

/mju.kəs/ or /ميو.كِس/

m

m

م

u

ju

ياو

c

k

ك

u

ə

اِ

s

s

س

(ميوسين)

مخاط

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

microbiology

اسم

/maɪk.roʊ.baɪɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /مايك.رُو.بايا.لِ.جي/

m

m

م

i

aɪ

آاي~اِ

c

k

ك

r

r

ر

o

ə

اِ

b

b

ب

io

aɪɑ

آاي~اِآ

l

l

ل

o

ə

اِ

g

ʤ

ج

y

i

اي

(علم الميكروبات)

علم الأحياء الدقيقة

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

virion

اسم

/vɪ.riən/ or /وي.ريِن/

v

v

و

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

r

r

ر

io

iə

اياِ

n

n

ن

(الجسيم الفيروسي)

فيروس كامل

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

conditioning

اسم

/kən.dɪ.ʃə.nɪng/ or /كِن.دي.شِ.نينك/

c

k

ك

o

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

d

d

د

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

t

ʃ

ش

io

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

n

n

ن

g

g

ك

(شرطية)

تكييف

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

biomimicry

اسم

/baɪoʊ.mɪ.mɪk.ri/ or /بايُو.مي.ميك.ري/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آاي~اِاُاو~اُ

m

m

م

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

m

m

م

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

c

k

ك

r

r

ر

y

i

اي

(المحاكاة الحيوية)

تحاكي الطبيعة

an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

gamete

اسم

/gæ.mit/ or /كَ.ميت/

g

g

ك

a

æ

اَ

m

m

م

e

i

اي

t

t

ت

e

(خلايا جنسية)

أمشاج

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

microbiome

اسم

/maɪk.roʊ.bɪoʊm/ or /مايك.رُو.بيُوم/

m

m

م

i

aɪ

آاي~اِ

c

k

ك

r

r

ر

o

oʊ

اُاو~اُ

b

b

ب

io

ɪoʊ

اي~اِاُاو~اُ

m

m

م

e

(المنظومة الميكروبية)

الميكروبيوم

the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

anthropogenic

صفة

/ænθ.rə.pə.ʤɛ.nɪk/ or /اَنث.رِ.بِ.جِ.نيك/

a

æ

اَ

n

n

ن

th

θ

ث

r

r

ر

o

ə

اِ

p

p

ب

o

ə

اِ

g

ʤ

ج

e

ɛ

اِ

n

n

ن

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

c

k

ك

(من صنع الإنسان)

ناجم عن النشاط البشري

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

ecotourism

اسم

/ɛ.koʊ.tʊ.rɪ.zəm/ or /اِ.كُو.تو.ري.زِم/

e

ɛ

اِ

c

k

ك

o

ə

اِ

t

t

ت

ou

ʊ

او~اُ

r

r

ر

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

s

z

ز

ə

اِ

m

m

م

(سياحة مستدامة)

سياحة بيئية

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

motility

اسم

/moʊ.tɪ.lɪ.ti/ or /مُو.تي.لي.تي/

m

m

م

o

oʊ

اُاو~اُ

t

t

ت

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

l

l

ل

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

t

t

ت

y

i

اي

(الحركية)

الحركة الذاتية

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

protist

اسم

/prɑ:.tɪst/ or /برا.تيست/

p

p

ب

r

r

ر

o

ɑ:

آ

t

t

ت

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

s

s

س

t

t

ت

(أوليات)

بروتيست

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

homologous

صفة

/hɑ.mɑ.lə.gəs/ or /ها.ما.لِ.كِس/

h

h

ه

o

ɑ

آ

m

m

م

o

ɑ

آ

l

l

ل

o

ə

اِ

g

g

ك

ou

ə

اِ

s

s

س

(مماثل)

متماثل

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

bioluminescence

اسم

/baɪoʊ.lu.mə.nɛs.əns/ or /بايُو.لو.مِ.نِس.اِنس/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آاي~اِاُاو~اُ

l

l

ل

u

u:

او

m

m

م

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

n

n

ن

e

ɛ

اِ

s

s

س

c

e

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

c

s

س

e

(التألق الحيوي)

الإضاءة الحيوية

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

hydroid

اسم

/haɪd.rɔɪd/ or /هايد.رُيد/

h

h

ه

y

aɪ

آاي~اِ

d

d

د

r

r

ر

oi

ɔɪ

آ~اُاي~اِ

d

d

د

(نبات مائي)

هيدرويد

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

transdifferentiation

اسم

/træns.dɪ.fə.rɛn.ʃɪeɪ.ʃən/ or /ترَنس.دي.فِ.رِن.شيِي.شِن/

t

t

ت

r

r

ر

a

æ

اَ

n

n

ن

s

s

س

d

d

د

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

ff

f

ف

e

ə

اِ

r

r

ر

e

ɛ

اِ

n

n

ن

t

ʃ

ش

ia

ɪeɪ

اي~اِاِاي~اِ

t

ʃ

ش

io

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

(التحول الخلوي)

التحول المتنوع

the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type

mycelium

اسم

/maɪ.si:.liəm/ or /ماي.سي.ليِم/

m

m

م

y

aɪ

آاي~اِ

c

s

س

e

i:

اي

l

l

ل

iu

iə

اياِ

m

m

م

(المايسيليوم)

الفطرية

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

mutualist

صفة

/mju:.ʧu:ə.lɪst/ or /ميو.جوِ.ليست/

m

m

م

u

ju:

ياو

t

ʧ

ج

u

u:

او

a

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

s

s

س

t

t

ت

(مُتَبادِل)

مُتَعَاوِن

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

commensal

صفة

/kə.mɛn.səl/ or /كِ.مِن.سِل/

c

k

ك

o

ə

اِ

mm

m

م

e

ɛ

اِ

n

n

ن

s

s

س

a

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

(عايش)

تعايشي

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

mycorrhiza

اسم

/maɪ.kər.aɪ.zə/ or /ماي.كِر.آي.زِ/

m

m

م

y

aɪ

آاي~اِ

c

k

ك

o

ə

اِ

rr

r

ر

h

i

aɪ

آاي~اِ

z

z

ز

a

ə

اِ

(تعايش فطري جذر)

الميكورزا

a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

to assimilate

فعل

/ə.sɪ.mə.leɪt/ or /اِ.سي.مِ.لِيت/

a

ə

اِ

ss

s

س

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

m

m

م

i

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

a

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

t

t

ت

e

(يسيطر)

يمتص

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

spore

اسم

/spɔr/ or /اِسبُر/

s

s

س

p

p

ب

o

ɔ

آ~اُ

r

r

ر

e

(جراثيم)

بذور

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

biomass

اسم

/baɪoʊ.mæs/ or /بايُو.مَس/

b

b

ب

io

aɪə

آاي~اِاِ

m

m

م

a

æ

اَ

ss

s

س

(الكتلة البيولوجية)

الكتلة الحيوية

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

taxonomic

صفة

/tæk.sə.nɑ:.mɪk/ or /تَك.سِ.نا.ميك/

t

t

ت

a

æ

اَ

x

ks

كس

o

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

o

ɑ:

آ

m

m

م

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

c

k

ك

(تصنيفى)

تصنيفي

related to how living things are categorized based on their similarities

petri dish

اسم

/pˈɛtɹi dˈɪʃ/

(طبق زراعة)

طبق بتري

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

cosmology

اسم

/kɔz.mɔ.lə.ʤi/ or /كُز.مُ.لِ.جي/

c

k

ك

o

ɔ

آ~اُ

s

z

ز

m

m

م

o

ɔ

آ~اُ

l

l

ل

o

ə

اِ

g

ʤ

ج

y

i

اي

(علم الفلك)

عِلْم الكون

the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end

virulent

صفة

/vɪ.rə.lənt/ or /وي.رِ.لِنت/

v

v

و

i

ɪ

اي~اِ

r

r

ر

u

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

e

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

t

t

ت

(فانٍ)

شرس

(of a disease) able to make one sick

decomposition

اسم

/ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən/, /ˌdikəmpoʊˈzɪʃən/

(تفكك)

تحلل

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

substrate

اسم

/səbs.treɪt/ or /سِبس.ترِيت/

s

s

س

u

ə

اِ

b

b

ب

s

s

س

t

t

ت

r

r

ر

a

eɪ

اِاي~اِ

t

t

ت

e

(السطح الأساسي)

الركيزة

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds