Lekce 10 – Lekce 2

A path is a track or way that forms naturally over time as people repeatedly walk over the same area. It may start as a small trail that becomes more defined and visible from constant use. Paths are often found in parks, forests, or rural areas, where they are created by foot traffic as people travel along the same route. These paths may not be formally constructed but are shaped by the movement of individuals who pass over the ground consistently.

Insect refers to a diverse group of arthropods characterized by their three-part body structure, including the head, thorax, and abdomen, as well as three pairs of jointed legs. They are the most abundant and diverse group of animals on Earth, with over one million known species. Insects are found in virtually every habitat on the planet, from the depths of the oceans to the tops of the highest mountains. They play important ecological roles as pollinators, decomposers, predators, and prey. Some insects are considered pests because they damage crops and spread diseases, while others are beneficial because they help control pest populations or provide valuable products such as honey, silk, and dyes.

A snake is a legless reptile characterized by its elongated body and unique ability to slither. It comes in various sizes, colors, and patterns, adapting to different environments worldwide. The snake has a flexible jaw structure that allows it to consume prey larger than its own head size. It is carnivorous, feeding on a wide range of animals such as rodents, birds, and insects. Some snake species possess venomous fangs for capturing and subduing their prey, while others rely on constriction. Snakes play essential roles in ecosystems as both predators and prey, contributing to the ecological balance. Despite being often misunderstood, snakes are fascinating creatures with remarkable adaptations that enable them to thrive in diverse habitats.

A shark is a formidable marine creature that has captured the imagination and awe of humans for centuries. As a diverse group of fish, sharks vary in size, shape, and behavior, but they are typically characterized by their streamlined bodies, powerful jaws, and rows of sharp teeth. These apex predators play a vital role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems by regulating the populations of other marine species. Sharks have a well-developed sense of smell and excellent hunting skills, allowing them to efficiently locate and capture their prey. While some species, like the great white shark, are known for their intimidating reputation, the majority of sharks are harmless to humans and are often misunderstood. They inhabit oceans worldwide and are well-adapted to various environments, from shallow coastal waters to the deep sea.

A jellyfish is a gelatinous marine animal that belongs to the phylum Cnidaria. They are characterized by their umbrella-shaped body and long tentacles that contain specialized cells called cnidocytes, which can inject venom into their prey or predators. Jellyfish come in a wide variety of sizes, shapes, and colors, and they can be found in oceans worldwide. They move by contracting and relaxing their bodies, allowing them to drift and swim through the water. While some jellyfish species are harmless to humans, others can deliver painful stings. Despite their simple body structure, jellyfish play important ecological roles and are fascinating creatures of the sea.

Bears are large, powerful mammals with shaggy fur and a distinctive snout. They have a reputation for being fierce and dangerous, but they are also known for their intelligence and strength. There are several species of bears, including the grizzly, black bear, and polar bear, each with their own unique characteristics and habitats. Bears are omnivorous, meaning they eat both meat and plants, and they have a keen sense of smell which they use to locate food. They are also skilled climbers and swimmers, and are able to adapt to a wide range of environments, from dense forests to arctic tundras.

A scorpion is an arachnid characterized by its segmented body, pair of pincers (pedipalps), and a curved stinger on its tail. They are known for their venomous sting, which they use to immobilize or kill prey. Scorpions can be found in various habitats around the world, including deserts, forests, and grasslands. While some species are harmless to humans, certain types, such as the bark scorpion, possess venom that can be medically significant and cause pain or even life-threatening reactions. Despite their potentially dangerous reputation, scorpions play an important ecological role as predators, helping to control insect populations in their respective ecosystems.

A mosquito is a small flying insect known for its annoying bites and ability to transmit diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus. Found in various habitats around the world, female mosquitoes require blood meals to reproduce, while males primarily feed on plant nectar. Their buzzing sound and itchy bites make them a nuisance to humans, and their role as disease vectors poses a significant health risk.