Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of how well the kidneys are working to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. It guesses how fast blood is filtered through the glomeruli, which are tiny filtering units in the kidneys. The GFR is usually calculated using a blood test that measures the levels of creatinine, a waste product. A normal GFR suggests healthy kidney function, while a lower GFR may be a sign of kidney problems or damage. Additionally, a high GFR can sometimes suggest conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure, where the kidneys are working harder than normal. Monitoring GFR helps doctors diagnose and manage conditions related to kidney health.

What is "glomerular filtration rate"?

glomerular filtration rate

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Urinalysis is a test that examines a sample of urine to evaluate overall health and diagnose various conditions. It involves analyzing the urine's appearance, density, and content, including substances such as proteins, glucose, red and white blood cells, and bacteria. This test can help identify issues such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease, diabetes, and other health problems. By evaluating these aspects, doctors can get information about a person's health and decide if further testing or treatment is necessary.

What is "urinalysis"?

urinalysis

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Cystoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the bladder and the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. During the procedure, a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, called a cystoscope, is inserted through the urethra and into the bladder. This allows doctors to see any abnormalities or issues, such as infections, tumors, or stones, and to take samples or perform small treatments if needed. Cystoscopy helps diagnose and manage conditions affecting the urinary system.

What is "cystoscopy"?

cystoscopy

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Ureteroscopy is a medical procedure used to examine and treat issues within the ureters, which are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. During this procedure, a thin, flexible tube called a ureteroscope is inserted through the urethra and bladder into the ureter. This allows doctors to view the inside of the ureter on a screen and perform treatments, such as removing kidney stones, taking tissue samples, or addressing blockages or other abnormalities. Ureteroscopy does not require large cuts and is generally done with either a numbing medication applied to the area or through full anesthesia to ensure comfort.

What is "ureteroscopy"?

ureteroscopy

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An acid loading test is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate how well the kidneys can handle and remove acid from the body. During the test, a person consumes a substance that increases the acid level in the blood. Blood and urine samples are then collected to measure how the body responds to this increase in acid. The test helps diagnose conditions related to kidney function and acid-base balance, such as metabolic acidosis or certain types of kidney disorders.

What is an "acid loading test"?

acid loading test

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A urine microalbumin test is a procedure that measures the amount of a protein called albumin in the urine. Albumin is normally found in the blood, but when the kidneys are damaged or not functioning properly, small amounts of it can pass into the urine. This test helps to identify early signs of kidney problems, particularly in people with conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. By identifying high levels of albumin, the test can help in monitoring kidney health and choosing an appropriate treatment to prevent further damage.

What is a "urine microalbumin test"?

urine microalbumin test

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An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a medical imaging test used to observe the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. During the test, a special dye is injected into a vein, which then travels through the bloodstream and makes the urinary system visible on X-ray images. This helps doctors see and diagnose problems such as kidney stones, tumors, or blockages. The images produced by the IVP provide detailed views of how well the urinary system is functioning and can help in planning treatment or surgery.

What is an "intravenous pyelogram"?

intravenous pyelogram

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A creatinine test measures the level of creatinine in the blood. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles from the breakdown of a substance called creatine, which helps with energy production. Normally, creatinine is removed from the blood by the kidneys and sent out in the urine. This test helps evaluate how well the kidneys are working. High levels of creatinine in the blood can suggest kidney problems or reduced kidney function, while low levels may be a sign of issues such as decreased muscle mass or severe malnutrition. Normal levels mean that the kidneys are effectively removing waste.

What is a "creatinine test"?

creatinine test

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Albumin is a protein found in the blood that is produced by the liver and plays several important roles in the body. It helps manage blood volume by maintaining the balance of fluids between the blood vessels and tissues. Albumin also acts as a carrier protein, transporting various substances such as hormones, fatty acids, and medications throughout the body. Additionally, it helps in maintaining proper pH levels in the blood and to lessen changes in acidity. Low levels of albumin can suggest liver or kidney diseases, malnutrition, or other health conditions, while high levels may be seen in dehydration or certain inflammatory diseases.

What is "albumin"?

albumin

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An albumin blood test measures the level of albumin, a protein made by the liver, in the blood. Albumin helps maintain blood volume and pressure by keeping fluid in the bloodstream and plays a role in transporting various substances, including hormones and medications. This test is used to evaluate liver function, kidney function, and overall nutritional status. Low levels of albumin can suggest liver disease, kidney issues, or malnutrition. High levels may be a sign of dehydration or other conditions affecting protein levels. Normal levels usually mean that these organs are functioning properly and that the body is properly nourished.

What is an "albumin blood test"?

albumin blood test

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Here you will learn some English words related to the kidney tests, such as "cystoscopy", "urinalysis", and "albumin".

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