Lekce 6 - 1. část

Baseball is a team sport played between two teams of nine players each on a diamond-shaped field. The objective is to score runs by hitting a pitched ball and running around four bases arranged in a square. The team that bats tries to hit the ball and run through the bases, while the team that fields tries to stop them by catching the ball or tagging the runners out. The game is played in nine innings, and the team with the most runs at the end wins. Baseball is known for its strategy, teamwork, and the skill required to hit, pitch, and field.

Soccer, also known as football in many parts of the world, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The objective of the game is to score goals by getting the ball into the opponent's goal, primarily using the feet, but players can also use their heads and torsos. The team that scores the most goals wins the match. Soccer is known for its fast pace, strategic play, and emphasis on teamwork. It is the most popular sport globally, with major competitions like the FIFA World Cup attracting millions of fans.

Basketball is a team sport played between two teams of five players each, on a rectangular court with a hoop at each end. The objective is to score points by shooting a ball through the opponent's hoop, which is typically suspended 10 feet above the ground. Players can move the ball by dribbling or passing it to teammates, and they must work together to defend their hoop while trying to score. The game is played in four quarters, and the team with the most points at the end wins. Basketball is known for its fast pace, athleticism, and teamwork, and is played professionally in leagues like the NBA.

Bowling is a sport where players roll a heavy ball down a lane to knock down pins arranged in a triangular formation at the end. The objective is to knock down as many pins as possible with a limited number of rolls, usually two per turn. In ten-pin bowling, players take turns trying to knock down all ten pins. If a player knocks down all the pins with one roll, it is called a strike. If they knock down all the pins with two rolls, it is called a spare. The game is typically played in frames, and the player with the most pins knocked down at the end wins.

Training refers to the systematic practice and preparation of athletes to improve their skills, strength, endurance, and overall performance in a particular sport. It involves a range of activities such as physical exercises, drills, techniques, and tactical learning that aim to enhance an individual’s or team’s ability to compete effectively. Training programs are often designed to target specific areas, like stamina, speed, agility, or coordination, and are typically conducted under the guidance of coaches or trainers. Regular, consistent training is essential for achieving peak performance and maintaining physical fitness.

Golf is a sport where players use clubs to hit a small ball into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible. The course consists of 18 holes and typically includes obstacles like bunkers and water hazards. Players aim to get the ball into the hole using the fewest strokes, and the person with the lowest total score wins. Golf is played individually, and it is known for its emphasis on precision, technique, and concentration.

Martial arts are various systems of training and techniques used for self-defense, combat, and physical fitness. They often involve a combination of physical movements, mental focus, and discipline. Some martial arts focus on striking techniques, such as punches and kicks, while others emphasize grappling, joint locks, or submissions. Examples include karate, judo, taekwondo, and kung fu. Martial arts can be practiced as a sport, for personal development, or for self-defense. They are known for promoting strength, balance, coordination, and respect for others.

Swimming is a water activity where a person moves through water using their body and different strokes, such as freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, or butterfly. It can be done in pools, lakes, rivers, or the ocean. Swimming is a fun and effective way to exercise, as it works out the whole body while improving strength, endurance, and coordination. It is also a valuable skill for safety in the water. People swim for leisure, fitness, competition, or as part of water-based sports. Swimming can be enjoyed by people of all ages and skill levels.

Volleyball is a team sport played between two teams, typically of six players each, on a rectangular court divided by a net. The objective is to score points by sending the ball over the net and into the opponent's side of the court, while preventing the opposing team from returning the ball. Players use their hands to hit the ball, and each team is allowed three touches before the ball must be sent over the net. The game is played in sets, and the team that wins the most sets wins the match. Volleyball is known for its fast-paced action, teamwork, and skillful play.

The term "couch potato" came into use in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It plays on the image of a potato plant, which remains static in one place and passively absorbs nutrients. It refers to someone who spends much of their free time lounging on the couch in an inactive state, often while watching television or screen-based entertainment. It describes a sedentary lifestyle characterized by excessive inactivity and lack of exercise due to excessive time spent engaged with media sources from a horizontal position.