
(pohádka)
allegorie
a story, poem, etc. in which the characters and events are used as symbols to convey moral or political lessons
An allegory is a story or narrative in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract ideas or concepts, creating a deeper, symbolic meaning. In an allegory, the surface story has a literal meaning, but it also conveys a more profound message about moral, political, or philosophical themes. For example, George Orwell's Animal Farm is an allegory that uses a farm and its animals to represent the events and figures of the Russian Revolution, exploring themes of power and corruption. Allegories use symbolism to offer insights into complex ideas and encourage readers to think beyond the obvious narrative.

(aliterativní figura)
aliterace
the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device
Alliteration is a literary device where the same consonant sound is repeated at the beginning of stressed syllables in closely positioned words. It often creates rhythm, emphasis, or a musical effect in writing. For example, in the phrase "whispering winds wove through the willows," the repeated "w" sound mimics the quiet, calming effect of a gentle breeze moving through trees, enhancing the overall atmosphere of tranquility in the scene. This technique is used to enhance the texture of language, making phrases more engaging and memorable.

(aluze)
narážka
a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device
An allusion is a literary device where a reference is made to a person, place, event, or work of literature that is not explicitly mentioned but is expected to be recognized by the reader. This reference is used to add meaning or context to the text by drawing on the reader's knowledge of the alluded-to subject. For example, if a character is described as "fighting a losing battle against overwhelming odds", it alludes to the historical event of the Battle of Thermopylae, where a small group of Greek warriors faced a much larger Persian army. This allusion helps convey that the character is facing a seemingly insurmountable challenge. Allusions enrich the text by connecting it to broader cultural or historical references.

(kal ambiguita)
hříčka
a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has
A pun is a form of wordplay that uses the multiple meanings of a word or similar-sounding words to create a humorous or clever effect. It involves a play on words where a word or phrase is used in a way that suggests different meanings or interpretations. For example, in the phrase "I used to be a baker, but I could not make enough dough", the pun is on the word "dough", which refers both to the mixture used to make bread and slang for money. This play on words adds humor by linking two different meanings of the same word. Puns are often used to add wit or a clever twist to writing and speech.

(opozice)
antiteze
a figure of speech in which two ideas or concepts are arranged in parallel clauses, words, or sentences to express a contrast
Antithesis is a rhetorical device that involves placing two opposing ideas or phrases next to each other to highlight their differences. This contrast helps to emphasize the distinct qualities of each idea. For example, in the phrase "Give me liberty, or give me death", the antithesis contrasts "liberty" with "death", emphasizing the speaker's strong choice between two extreme options. By setting these opposing ideas side by side, antithesis creates a more impactful and memorable statement.

(simile)
přirovnání
a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'
A simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things using the words "like" or "as" to highlight a similarity between them. For example, saying "Her smile was like sunshine" compares the warmth and brightness of her smile to the sun, making the description more vivid and expressive. Similes are used to create clearer or more imaginative descriptions by drawing parallels between familiar concepts and the subject being described.

(obraz)
metafora
a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning
A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things by stating that one thing is another, highlighting a particular quality or aspect they share, without using "like" or "as". For example, saying "Time is a thief" suggests that time steals moments from lives, even though time is not literally a thief. Metaphors help convey meanings and emotions in a more vivid and imaginative way by creating direct comparisons between different concepts.

(zástupné označení)
synekdocha
a figure of speech in which a part of something represents the whole or vice versa
Synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part of something is used to represent the whole, or the whole is used to represent a part. It involves substituting a specific detail or aspect of something for the larger concept or vice versa. For example, saying "all hands on deck" uses "hands" to refer to the people on a ship. Similarly, referring to a car as "wheels" is using a part of the vehicle to represent the whole. Synecdoche helps to create vivid and concise expressions by highlighting specific features or elements.

(zosobnění)
personifikace
a literary device where human qualities or characteristics are attributed to non-human entities, objects, or ideas
Personification is a figure of speech where human qualities are given to animals, objects, or abstract ideas. It helps make non-human things seem more relatable or vivid by describing them as if they can act, think, or feel like people. For example, saying "The wind whispered through the trees" gives the wind the human ability to whisper. Personification adds depth and emotion to writing by allowing readers to connect more deeply with the subject.

(rozpor)
paradox
a logically contradictory statement that might actually be true
A paradox is a statement that seems to contradict itself but often reveals a deeper truth. It challenges logic, common sense, or expectations by presenting two seemingly incompatible ideas that somehow coexist. For example, "Less is more" may appear contradictory, yet it suggests that simplicity can lead to greater effectiveness. Paradoxes are commonly used in literature and philosophy to provoke thought and encourage deeper analysis of complex ideas.

(témat)
motiv
a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work
A motif is a recurring element, such as a symbol, idea, or theme, that appears throughout a literary work and contributes to its overall meaning or message. It is used to develop and reinforce the main themes or ideas by repeating certain elements in different contexts. For example, a motif like a recurring image of a broken mirror in a novel might symbolize characters' fractured identities or perceptions. Motifs help create a sense of unity and depth within a story by connecting various parts and highlighting important concepts.

(asonance (hlásková shoda))
asonance
the use of similar vowels close to each other in nonrhyming syllables as a literary device
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within closely positioned words in a sentence or phrase, creating a harmonious effect. It often occurs in poetry and prose to add rhythm, mood, or musicality to the writing. For example, in the phrase "The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain", the repetition of the "a" sound in "rain", "Spain", "stays", and "plain" demonstrates assonance. This technique helps to enhance the auditory experience of the text and can emphasize particular emotions or themes.

(zvukomalba)
onomatopoeie
a word that mimics the sound it represents
Onomatopoeia is a literary device where a word imitates or suggests the sound it describes. It creates a vivid auditory effect by using words that sound like the noises they represent. For example, words like "buzz," "clang," and "sizzle" mimic the sounds associated with them. Onomatopoeia adds a sensory dimension to writing, making descriptions more engaging and realistic by allowing readers to "hear" the sounds in their imagination.

(nepříjemné zvuky)
kakofonie
a literary device that uses a mixture of unpleasant, inharmonious, and harsh sounds to show disorder or chaos
Cacophony is a literary device where harsh, unpleasant, or clashing sounds are used to create a sense of disruption or discomfort. This often involves using sharp or grating consonant sounds that do not blend well together. For example, the phrase "The clash and clamor of the chaotic crowd" uses cacophony to convey a sense of disorder and noise. Cacophony is used to enhance the mood, reflect chaos or discomfort, and draw attention to particular aspects of a text.

(výsměch)
posměch
mockery expressed through words or actions in a biting or sarcastic manner
Derision is the use of ridicule or mockery to express contempt or scorn towards someone or something. It involves making fun of or belittling a person, idea, or situation in a way that shows strong disapproval or disrespect. For example, if someone were to laugh at a person's serious attempt to share a new idea by making sarcastic remarks, that would be an act of derision. Derision often aims to undermine or diminish the target by highlighting perceived flaws or absurdities.

(naznačení)
předzvěst
the act of giving a clue of the future events to the audience in advance while narrating a story
Foreshadowing is a literary device used to give hints or clues about events that will happen later in a story. It creates anticipation and builds suspense by subtly suggesting future developments. For example, if a character mentions feeling uneasy about an upcoming event, it may foreshadow trouble or conflict that will occur later. Foreshadowing helps to prepare readers for what is to come, making the story more engaging and cohesive.

(nadsázka)
hyperbola
a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something
Hyperbole is a figure of speech that involves exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. It is used to emphasize a point or create a strong impression by overstating something beyond its normal limits. For example, saying "I have told you a million times" is an exaggeration meant to stress the speaker's frustration with repetition. Hyperbole adds emphasis and can make descriptions more vivid or dramatic.

(rozporuplný výraz)
oxymóron
a figure of speech that combines two contradictory or contrasting terms to create a unique expression
An oxymoron is a figure of speech where two seemingly contradictory or opposing words are combined to create a paradoxical effect. This combination highlights a deeper or ironic meaning, showing a more complex truth. For example, the phrase "deafening silence" uses opposing terms to describe a profound, overwhelming quietness. Oxymorons are used to evoke thought, emphasize contrast, or create a striking effect in writing.

(rýmování)
rým
agreement between the sound or the ending of a word and another word
Rhyme is a literary device where words with similar ending sounds are used together, often at the end of lines in poetry or song lyrics. It is commonly employed to create rhythm, musicality, and cohesion. For example, in the lines "The cat sat on the mat" and "He wore a hat that looked flat", the words "mat" and "flat" rhyme. Rhymes can enhance the structure and aesthetic quality of a text, making it more memorable and engaging.

(takt)
rytmus
a strong repeated pattern of musical notes or sounds
Rhythm is a pattern of sounds or beats that repeats at regular intervals. In literature, it often refers to the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry, creating a flow or beat. In music, rhythm involves the timing of notes and chords, creating a structured pattern of beats and pauses. Rhythm helps to set the pace and mood of a piece, making it more engaging and dynamic. For instance, in poetry, a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables creates a rhythmic flow, while in music, the rhythm of drum beats or instrumental sections provides a foundation for the composition.

(zvukové spojení)
zeugma
the use of a word with two senses each of which apply to a different word in a sentence, as a figure of speech
Zeugma is a literary device where one word, often a verb or adjective, connects two or more different ideas or elements in a sentence, though the word often applies to each in a different way. This technique can create a unique effect by linking different ideas or actions. For example, in the sentence "He stole my heart and my wallet", the verb "stole" connects the two objects "heart" and "wallet," but the verb has different meanings: one literal and one metaphorical. This device can add variety, humor, emphasize contrasts, or create an interesting twist in meaning.
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