Philosophy

nihilism

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(nihilizmus)

nihilismus

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

utilitarianism

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(utilitaristická teorie)

utilitarismus

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

stoicism

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(stoická filozofie)

stoicismus

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

solipsism

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(solipsistická filozofie)

solipsismus

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

ontology

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(ontologická nauka)

ontologie

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

monism

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(monistická teorie)

monismus

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

objectivism

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(objektivní filozofie)

objektivismus

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

subjectivism

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(subjektivní názor)

subjektivismus

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

absurdism

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(absurdní myšlení)

absurdismus

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

teleology

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(cílová nauka)

teleologie

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

cogito

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(cogitace)

cogito

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

monad

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(monáda jako základní jednotka)

monáda

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

pragmatism

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(prakticismus)

pragmatismus

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

noumenon

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(noumen)

noumenon

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

fatalism

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(bezmocnost)

fatalismus

the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals

tenet

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(názor)

dogma

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion