(změna entropie)
entropie
a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S
(rozpustná látka)
rozpuštěná látka
a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution
(reagens)
reaktant
a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products
(zrychlovač)
katalyzátor
(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself
(katalytická reakce)
katalýza
the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction
Gramatické Informace:
(covalentní spojení)
kovalentní vazba
a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule
Gramatické Informace:
(izomer)
izomera
any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties
(polymér)
polymer
a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure
(molekula monomeru)
monomer
a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer
(uhlovodík)
hydrokarbon
a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes
(esterová sloučenina)
ester
a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water
(alifatický aldehyd)
aldehyd
an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes
(alkoholický compound)
alkohol
a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis
(ketonová sloučenina)
keton
an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings
(reakce oxidace-redukce)
oxidačně-redukční reakce
a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances
(koncentrace v molech na litr)
molarita
the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)
(elektrolytová látka)
elektrolyt
a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current
(kolloidní směs)
kolloid
a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles
(korozní proces)
koroze
the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals
(alkalická látka)
žaludek
any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water
(čpavek)
amoniak
a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution
(legura)
slitina
a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant
(halogenový prvek)
halogen
a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights
(izotopy)
izotop
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass
(vzácný plyn)
noble plyn
any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations
Gramatické Informace:
(emulsion)
emulze
a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water
(poločas přeměny)
poločas
the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions
(depletovaný uran)
odkysličený uran
a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding
Gramatické Informace:
(rozpouštějící látka)
rozpouštědlo
a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance
(elektricky nabitý)
nabitý
having an electric charge
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