(tektonické procesy)
tektonika
the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity
(tektonická deska)
deska
a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
(prasklina)
trhlina
(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it
(subdukční proces)
subdukce
a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle
(izostatická rovnováha)
izostáze
the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation
(litosféry)
litosféra
the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates
(asthenosféra (vrstva polotekuté horniny))
asthenosféra
a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move
(karst)
kras
a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems
(horská tvorba)
orogeneze
the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates
(krystalová geoda)
geoda
a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities
(kimberlitová hornina)
kimberlit
a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining
(ledovcování)
glaciace
the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms
(morénní sediment)
moréna
a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus
(ledovcová kupa)
drumlin
a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement
(sopečné jezero)
kaldera
a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption
(diagenetické procesy)
diagenze
the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock
(metamorfismus)
metamorfóza
a complete change in the form and structure of a rock as a result of heat and pressure
(usazování)
sedimentace
the process by which particles settle out of a liquid or gas due to gravity, forming a sediment layer
(pohyb po zlomu)
smykání
the movement or displacement along a fracture in the Earth's crust, resulting from tectonic forces, which can lead to earthquakes
(akvifér)
vodonosná vrstva
a layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater
(kamenohlav)
konkrece
a hard lump or mass formed in sedimentary rock by natural cementing processes
(magmatické těleso)
pluton
a large body of igneous rock formed beneath the Earth's surface from magma that has cooled and solidified
(ohyb)
sklopení
(in geology) the bending or deformation of rock layers due to compressional forces
(sopečný proud)
lahar
a fast-moving mixture of volcanic ash, debris, and water
(pokles)
sídlení
the process during which a building or piece of land sinks to a lower level or to the ground
(vniknutí)
intruze
(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground
(mřížka)
matrix
(geology) the fine-grained material surrounding larger rock fragments or grains within a sedimentary rock
(magmatický)
vyvřelý
(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava
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