The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located beneath the lungs and separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity in the human body. It plays a vital role in respiration by contracting and relaxing to facilitate breathing. When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens and moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity and allowing the lungs to expand, filling with air. This is known as inhalation. When the diaphragm relaxes, it returns to its dome shape, causing the chest cavity to decrease in volume and air to be expelled from the lungs, which is known as exhalation. In addition to its role in respiration, the diaphragm also assists in other bodily functions such as coughing, sneezing, and maintaining proper posture.

What is "diaphragm"?

diaphragm

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGlhcGhyYWdt&hash=16fac59b9499187f9ad3f7466e323a8130ae299e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

The appendix is a small, finger-shaped pouch located at the junction of the small and large intestines in the human body. While its exact function remains unclear, it is believed to play a role in the immune system, as it contains lymphatic tissue. The appendix can become inflamed, resulting in a condition known as appendicitis, which requires surgical removal to prevent complications. Though it is considered a vestigial organ, the appendix may have some immunological significance and potential contributions to gut health.

What is "appendix"?

appendix

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXBwZW5kaXg&hash=d3d20e64a442ff46cae7d486c266e634e2491761&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

intestinal

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW50ZXN0aW5hbA&hash=cc0290eafdbc84c3f9f1147aba5c6cf4369de371&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

The prefrontal cortex, a singular body part located at the front of the brain, plays a crucial role in higher cognitive functions and executive control. It is involved in decision-making, problem-solving, planning, attention regulation, and social behavior. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for integrating information from various brain regions, allowing us to make complex judgments, anticipate consequences, and control our impulses. It also contributes to personality traits and emotional regulation. As a key component of the frontal lobe, the prefrontal cortex is essential for our ability to think critically, engage in goal-directed behavior, and navigate social interactions.

What is "prefrontal cortex"?

prefrontal cortex

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHJlZnJvbnRhbCBjb3J0ZXg&hash=0ab3c5ddce062010638242e94f41da0adddd57cd&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

The spleen is a large organ located in the upper left abdomen. It serves as a vital part of the immune system, playing multiple roles in the body's defense against infections. The spleen acts as a filter for the blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells and capturing and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances. Additionally, the spleen stores and produces white blood cells and platelets, which are crucial for fighting infections and maintaining healthy blood circulation. It also plays a role in the production of antibodies and the removal of cellular debris. The spleen is an essential organ for immune function and overall health.

What is "spleen"?

spleen

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3BsZWVu&hash=ed6a63aa7926049df25363aae290e2586fc14d64&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Enamel is the hard, outermost layer of the human teeth that covers the tooth crown. It is the hardest substance in the body and serves as a protective barrier against tooth decay and mechanical damage. Composed primarily of minerals, mainly hydroxyapatite crystals, enamel is translucent and ranges in color from white to light yellow. Enamel does not contain living cells, so it cannot regenerate once damaged. Therefore, maintaining good oral hygiene practices and minimizing exposure to acidic substances are essential for preserving the integrity of enamel and promoting overall dental health.

What is "enamel"?

enamel

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZW5hbWVs&hash=e7b361b270465fa32214807917dc66a97736d0a7&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

The clavicle, also known as the collarbone, is a long and slender bone located in the shoulder region. It connects the sternum (breastbone) to the scapula (shoulder blade). The clavicle serves as an important structural component of the shoulder girdle, providing support and stability to the upper limbs. It helps to transmit forces from the arms to the axial skeleton and allows for a wide range of shoulder movements. The clavicle's position in the body contributes to proper shoulder joint function and facilitates the attachment of various muscles, ligaments, and tendons involved in arm and shoulder movement.

What is "clavicle"?

clavicle

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2xhdmljbGU&hash=70bcc03f6da3e9f0d3733f153da73b547e56e855&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

The cochlea is a crucial sensory organ in the inner ear, resembling a snail shell, and is responsible for translating sound waves into electrical impulses. It contains delicate hair cells that detect different frequencies of sound, allowing us to perceive a wide range of auditory sensations, from low-pitched sounds to high-pitched tones. The cochlea plays a vital role in our ability to hear and interpret sounds in our environment.

What is "cochlea"?

cochlea

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29jaGxlYQ&hash=45f94ee8f2e9f70bc3ea9393a662b5733c5a01e3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

The cecum is a pouch-like structure that marks the beginning of the large intestine in the human body. It is situated in the lower right abdomen, where it receives digested food from the small intestine. The cecum plays a role in absorbing water and electrolytes from the undigested material before it progresses through the rest of the digestive system. Additionally, it serves as a reservoir for the intestinal microbiota, housing beneficial bacteria that aid in digestion and contribute to overall gut health.

What is "cecum"?

cecum

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The torso refers to the central part of the body between the neck and the pelvis. It includes the chest, abdomen, and back, housing vital organs such as the heart, lungs, liver, stomach, and intestines. The torso provides structural support and protection to these organs and plays a crucial role in maintaining bodily functions, including respiration, digestion, and circulation. Additionally, the torso contains various muscles, including the abdominal and back muscles, which contribute to posture, movement, and overall strength. The torso serves as a core foundation for the human body and is essential for overall stability and functionality.

What is "torso"?

torso

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An artery is a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart and distributes it to various parts of the body. Arteries have thick, muscular walls that enable them to withstand the pressure generated by the pumping action of the heart. They play a crucial role in maintaining the circulation of oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs throughout the body. Arteries branch into smaller vessels called arterioles, which further divide into capillaries, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Arteries are vital components of the circulatory system and are essential for overall health and proper organ function.

What is an "artery"?

artery

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A joint is a structure in the body where two or more bones come together. It allows for movement and flexibility, enabling the body to perform various activities. Joints are crucial for mobility and range of motion in different parts of the body, such as the limbs, spine, and fingers. They are supported by ligaments, which provide stability and hold the bones together. Joints can be classified into different types, including hinge joints, ball-and-socket joints, and pivot joints, each with its own unique structure and movement capabilities.

What is a "joint"?

joint

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The spine, also known as the vertebral column or backbone, consists of a series of individual bones called vertebrae, stacked on top of each other and separated by intervertebral discs. It runs along the center of the back. The spine provides structural support to the body, allowing for an upright posture and protecting the spinal cord, which is housed within the spinal canal. It plays a crucial role in facilitating movement, flexibility, and stability of the body. The spine also serves as an attachment site for various muscles, ligaments, and tendons, contributing to overall movement and coordination. Additionally, the spine helps distribute forces and absorb shock during activities such as walking, running, and lifting. Proper care and maintenance of the spine are essential for maintaining overall health and well-being.

What is "spine"?

spine

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3BpbmU&hash=5621d24c9f5a8bf7b617f76b50cf0d92d83d1138&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

tract

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHJhY3Q&hash=7a8b03c490bd8e320dcb0699dbf7aed0041104bb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

coronary

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29yb25hcnk&hash=8e82f8ffe22b64411aad9dd55ab679022a56523f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

thyroid

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dGh5cm9pZA&hash=bebc18817a1749cb84afbf50e90c8492ed492d03&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

talus

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dGFsdXM&hash=2f4e878b1eb1ec57ce6006bbb1ebb4e3eb5542fb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

The bladder is a vital component of the urinary system in the human body. It is responsible for storing urine until it is ready to be eliminated. The walls of the bladder are made of smooth muscle tissue that can stretch and accommodate increasing volumes of urine. When the bladder is full, nerve signals are sent to the brain, triggering the sensation of needing to urinate. The bladder then contracts, allowing the urine to flow through the urethra and out of the body. Proper bladder function is essential for maintaining urinary continence and overall urinary health.

What is "bladder"?

bladder

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reproductive

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVwcm9kdWN0aXZl&hash=55bc6081bf412b25a49e64789e3cdfa773d7de23&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

sensory

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2Vuc29yeQ&hash=7631e3ac5a347d662f148e387050cc778b86da9f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

tactile

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dGFjdGlsZQ&hash=a3d7e556c057dc13a8a3d0792b836807a16ef66a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

retinal

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmV0aW5hbA&hash=351968b10df6308aed5260598c94221c02147fee&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

auditory

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXVkaXRvcnk&hash=16b077ac5d4c8e0f693b0f3e0c76c23b980bab58&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

optical

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=b3B0aWNhbA&hash=53529571164057a3976a7c3e9e8851ba475579f4&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure found in the cells of living organisms. It is made up of proteins and DNA, which contains the genetic instructions for growth, development, and functioning. Each chromosome carries many genes, which are the instructions for making proteins and determining various traits and characteristics. Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell, arranged in 23 pairs, with one set coming from each parent. Chromosomes are crucial for cell division, as they ensure that genetic information is accurately copied and distributed to new cells.

What is a "chromosome"?

chromosome

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genome

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2Vub21l&hash=210addf6f823bcdd0c22baea4621b386a942b481&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

genotype

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2Vub3R5cGU&hash=ec0f8388c7a6a5a97a48b3666744a3c56e2d00a5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

phenotype

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGhlbm90eXBl&hash=9a5d676e702b71efbc6f684a298c3c65e930845a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

allele

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWxsZWxl&hash=dccda6fccf363946f456f9bfbb1631b6595ca47e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

recessive

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVjZXNzaXZl&hash=17f103ed1dd0b07be2f1cc317f25c7b4a648cb59&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

dominant

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZG9taW5hbnQ&hash=199896b46c5450aa51ce0c120a2c9516e952e283&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

expression

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXhwcmVzc2lvbg&hash=2aba40a84f5f57e192cd450f64358fca50125f32&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to modify

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbW9kaWZ5&hash=356947df6dbef6443803842b66f878512a339cbc&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

mutation

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bXV0YXRpb24&hash=4c89914bb6f9e485126b638b2773850c89f88028&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to inherit

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gaW5oZXJpdA&hash=3ea485625f182be8e8e1498f07aea0cede7d6046&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

lineage

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGluZWFnZQ&hash=e00ece12c776f4f045156448ee5bef30a64a5afb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

progenitor

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transgenic

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHJhbnNnZW5pYw&hash=f7ecaf2f430aab9795eb201e5bebd53064e078e8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

geneticist

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A karyotype is a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, arranged in a standard format. This arrangement helps to see if there are any abnormalities in the number or structure of the chromosomes. The chromosomes are paired and arranged by size and shape, making it easier to study and identify any genetic issues or conditions. A karyotype can be used to diagnose genetic disorders, monitor changes in chromosome patterns, and understand the effects of genetic factors on certain diseases.

What is a "karyotype"?

karyotype

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eugenics

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trisomy

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHJpc29teQ&hash=a7472962dbf0d1a19d9ebaeef46d1cacdd9366b8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

centromere

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2VudHJvbWVyZQ&hash=84207a3596190bf36babdbf89d8759e44db91bf9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

palindrome

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGFsaW5kcm9tZQ&hash=f6a37ddeb3715a3db002a1515d7ca2bdf8aed5b0&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

cytogenetics

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3l0b2dlbmV0aWNz&hash=e5f3caf9754cdb08e5aa4d323953c8e46efeb442&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

autosome

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXV0b3NvbWU&hash=6eaecd4d44fe05f6626f5145ef6fa7d8e5851ecd&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

transfection

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHJhbnNmZWN0aW9u&hash=36f0844ec54873af5cc901dc267ed061a5f8deff&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

genetically

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2VuZXRpY2FsbHk&hash=aafe183bcdcbb82a0035d1f2ef936889e91c80a3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

haploid

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aGFwbG9pZA&hash=77f6ecb682874abb1107d65a255a150da813c1d1&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

early growth response

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZWFybHkgZ3Jvd3RoIHJlc3BvbnNl&hash=c52fd4d6b236e12568c963c5c66e3c21a3239f76&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Here you will learn some English words related to anatomy and genetics, such as "spleen", "artery", "haploid", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

Anglická slova pro "Anatomii a Genetiku" | SAT Slovní zásoba