(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful
(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal
(biology) inactive and waiting for a suitable condition
(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting
(vydávající životní riziko)
život ohrožující
/ˈɫaɪfˌθɹɛtnɪŋ/
posing a significant risk to a person's life
(of a disease) not showing any symptoms associated with it
related to the heart and blood vessels
(of a disease) able to make one sick
an illness, often a minor one
a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition
any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another
a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness
A prognosis is a professional prediction about how a disease or medical condition is likely to progress and what the outcome might be. It is based on a patient’s current health, medical history, and test results. A prognosis helps guess how well a patient might recover, the potential for complications, and the overall future of their health.
a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition
an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated
Glaucoma is an eye condition that damages the optic nerve, which is essential for good vision. It is often associated with increased pressure inside the eye, which can gradually harm the optic nerve fibers responsible for transferring visual information from the eye to the brain. This damage can lead to vision loss or blindness if left untreated. Glaucoma is often referred to as the "silent thief of sight" because it can progress slowly and without symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred. Treatment for glaucoma typically involves medications to lower eye pressure, laser therapy, or surgery to improve drainage of fluid from the eye. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing glaucoma and protecting vision. Regular eye exams can help detect glaucoma early, allowing for quick treatment to prevent vision loss.
a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury
Inflammation is the body's natural response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain in the affected area. It is a crucial part of the immune system's defense process, helping to isolate and remove harmful substances, and start the healing process. Inflammation can be acute, lasting for a short period as the body deals with an immediate threat, or chronic, lasting for a longer time and potentially leading to various health issues if not properly managed. Common causes of inflammation include infections, injuries, autoimmune diseases, and exposure to irritants. Treatment depends on the cause and may involve rest, medications, and other therapies to reduce symptoms and promote healing.
a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's response to an infection causes widespread inflammation, leading to tissue damage, organ failure, and potentially death. It typically begins with an infection in the lungs, urinary system, abdomen, or other parts of the body. Symptoms of sepsis include fever, chills, rapid breathing and heart rate, confusion, and extreme pain or discomfort. Early detection and immediate treatment with antibiotics and fluids given through a vein are crucial to improve outcomes. Serious cases may require close monitoring in a hospital, including medications to support blood pressure and breathing machines to help with breathing.
a condition where excess fat accumulates in liver cells, often due to factors like alcohol consumption or obesity
a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat within liver cells
a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested
An allergy is a reaction by the immune system to something that is normally harmless to most people. These substances, called allergens, can trigger symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, runny nose, and skin rash. Common allergens include pollen, dust particles, pet dander, certain foods, and insect stings. Allergic reactions can range from mild to intense, and in some cases, they can be life-threatening. Treatment for allergies may include avoiding triggers, taking medications such as antihistamines or nasal sprays, and in serious cases, receiving allergy shots. It is important to identify and manage allergies to improve the quality of life and prevent serious complications.
a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head
A concussion is a type of brain injury that occurs when the head experiences a sudden, forceful impact or rapid movement change. This can happen due to accidents, falls, or sports-related incidents. Concussions can cause various symptoms such as headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, sensitivity to light or noise, and temporary loss of consciousness. While most concussions are mild and resolve on their own with rest, it is essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and management, especially if symptoms worsen or persist. Recovery typically involves physical and mental rest until symptoms improve, followed by a gradual return to normal activities under medical supervision.
a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges
a condition that arises when one is experiencing a chronic elevation of blood pressure
(plicní tuberkulóza)
tuberkulóza
/təˌbɝkjəˈɫoʊsɪs/, /tuˌbɝkjəˈɫoʊsəs/, /tuˌbɝkjuˈɫoʊsəs/
a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body
Tuberculosis, often referred to as TB, is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. Symptoms of TB may include persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood or phlegm, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, making it highly contagious. While TB can be serious if left untreated, it is curable with antibiotics. Treatment typically involves a combination of several medications taken over several months. Prevention measures include early detection, isolation of infected individuals, and vaccination in regions where TB is common.
(cystická fibrozita)
cystická fibróza
/sˈɪstɪk fɪbɹˈoʊsɪs/
a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus that can clog the airways and blocks the pancreas, the organ located behind the stomach that produces enzymes to help digest food and hormones. Symptoms of cystic fibrosis vary but often include persistent coughing, frequent lung infections, difficulty breathing, poor growth, and digestive problems such as difficulty digesting food and absorbing nutrients. Cystic fibrosis is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing medical care. Treatment typically involves medications to thin mucus, prevent infections, improve lung function, and support digestion, as well as therapies and exercise to help clear mucus from the lungs.
Gramatické Informace:
a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes
Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes infected with the yellow fever virus. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice, which gives the disease its name due to the yellowing of the skin and eyes. In severe cases, yellow fever can lead to organ failure and death. The disease is primarily found in tropical regions of Africa and South America. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent yellow fever, and travelers to affected areas are often advised to get vaccinated before their trip. Additionally, controlling mosquito populations and avoiding mosquito bites can help reduce the risk of catching the disease.
a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep
Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting restful sleep. It can result in daytime fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and weakened performance at work or school. Insomnia can be caused by various factors, including stress, anxiety, depression, medical conditions, medications, or poor sleep habits. Treatment may involve addressing underlying issues, such as managing stress or treating medical conditions, as well as practicing good sleep habits, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating a relaxing bedtime routine. In some cases, medications or therapy may be recommended to help improve sleep quality.
the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health
Obesity is a medical condition characterized by an excessive buildup of body fat, which can negatively impact health. It is commonly measured using the body mass index (BMI), where a BMI of 30 or higher is classified as obese. Causes of obesity include a combination of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors, such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and certain medical conditions. Obesity increases the risk of various health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain cancers. Managing obesity typically involves lifestyle changes like adopting a healthier diet, increasing physical activity, and sometimes medical treatments or surgery.
(ADHD (porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou))
porucha pozornosti
/ɐtˈɛnʃən dˈɛfɪsˌɪt dɪsˈoːɹdɚ/
a neurological condition characterized by difficulty in sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, typically diagnosed in childhood and often persisting into adulthood
a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions
Dementia is a mental condition characterized by a decline in mental abilities, including memory loss, difficulty with reasoning, judgment, and communication, and changes in behavior. It is typically caused by damage or disease in the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease or stroke. Dementia can significantly impact a person's ability to function independently and may affect their quality of life. Treatment for dementia focuses on managing symptoms, providing support to the individual and their caregivers, and addressing any underlying medical conditions contributing to the dementia.
an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck
Mumps is a contagious viral infection that mainly affects the glands that produce saliva, causing them to swell. It is caused by the mumps virus, which spreads when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus, or close contact with an infected person. Symptoms typically include swollen and tender glands, especially around the jaw, along with fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Mumps can also lead to complications such as inflammation of the testicles or ovaries, deafness, or meningitis. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing mumps and is typically given as part of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.
a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus. It primarily affects children and is spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Symptoms typically include high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic red, spotty skin rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Measles can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death, especially in young children and those with weakened immune systems. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing measles and is part of the routine vaccination schedule in many countries.
a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep. People with narcolepsy often find it difficult to stay awake for long periods of time, regardless of the circumstances. This condition can significantly affect daily activities. Narcolepsy typically involves a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions, as well as sleep paralysis and hallucinations. It is believed to be caused by a lack of hypocretin, a neurotransmitter that controls wakefulness and REM sleep. Treatment usually involves medication and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms.
(neklidné nohy)
syndrom neklidných nohou
/ɹˈɛstləs lˈɛɡ sˈɪndɹoʊm/
a condition causing an irresistible urge to move the legs, often with uncomfortable sensations, usually worse in the evening or at night
Gramatické Informace:
a general term referring to inflammation of the skin, often causing redness, itching, and various skin conditions
Dermatitis is a common skin condition characterized by redness, itching, and inflammation of the skin. It can have various causes, including allergic reactions, irritants, or underlying medical conditions. Symptoms may include rash, dryness, scaling, and sometimes blisters or oozing of the skin. Dermatitis can develop suddenly and last for a short time, or persist or recur over a longer period. Treatment typically involves identifying and avoiding triggers, using moisturizers and ointments to relieve symptoms, and, in some cases, oral medications or light therapy may be prescribed. With proper management, most cases of dermatitis can be effectively controlled.
a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height due to an overproduction of growth hormone during childhood and adolescence
a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time
Trauma refers to a deeply distressing or disturbing experience that overwhelms a person's ability to cope. It can result from various events, such as accidents, abuse, natural disasters, or witnessing harm to others. Trauma can have long-lasting effects on an individual's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Common responses to trauma include feelings of fear, helplessness, or horror, as well as symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of reminders, and difficulties in relationships or daily functioning. Treatment for trauma often involves therapy, support groups, and coping strategies to help individuals process their experiences, reduce symptoms, and promote healing.
a sore or wound that has become infected and is producing pus, often characterized by inflammation and discomfort
the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time
An epidemic is an outbreak of a disease that spreads quickly and affects a large number of people within a community, region, or population at the same time, in contrast to a pandemic, which is a global outbreak of a disease. An epidemic often involves illnesses that were previously controlled or uncommon in the area. The spread can happen through person-to-person contact, contaminated food or water, or other methods. Public health measures, such as vaccination, quarantine, and hygiene practices, are typically used to control and prevent further spread of the disease.
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