(dobývací stání)
kámenolom
a site where large quantities of rock, stone, or minerals are extracted from the Earth's crust for industrial use or construction purposes
(porucha)
blok
a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, along which there has been significant displacement due to tectonic forces
(základová hornina)
podloží
solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation
(šedá skála)
břidlice
a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers
(bazan)
bazalt
a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color
(fossilní index)
indexový fosil
a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history
(vniknutí)
intruze
(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground
(magmatický)
vyvřelý
(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava
(metamorfózní)
metamorfní
related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture
(týkající se tektoniky)
tektonický
relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust
(tavit rudu)
tavit
to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace
(kal)
struska
the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities
(mezozoická éra)
mezozoikum
the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea
(olivínová minerální látka)
olivín
a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content
(pyroxenová skupina)
pyroxen
a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron
(feldspar)
živce
a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking
(t空气凝结石)
argilit
a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material
(vědec zabývající se geologií)
geolog
a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena
(seismologyně)
seismolog
a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns
(ohnisko zemětřesení)
epicentrum
the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly
(tragický otřes)
zemětřesení
an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity
(výbuch sopky)
erupce
the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain
(vulkanologická věda)
vulkanologie
a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena
(sopečné jezero)
kaldera
a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption
(křemenná rula)
křemenec
a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable
(skalní výchoz)
výchoz
a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure
(geotermálního)
geotermální
connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth
(bassin)
pánve
a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits
(subdukční proces)
subdukce
a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle
(mantl)
plášť
the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales
(kaolin)
kaolinit
a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications
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