Dopravní terminologie a regulace

Right of way refers to the legal right of a vehicle or pedestrian to proceed first in a particular situation, such as at an intersection or crosswalk. It is a traffic rule that helps prevent accidents by clearly indicating who should stop or wait. In some cases, vehicles may need to stop or slow down to allow others to go first, based on the situation and road signs. Properly following the right of way rules helps maintain order and safety on the roads.

The move over law requires drivers to change lanes or slow down when approaching an emergency vehicle, such as a police car, ambulance, or tow truck, that has its lights flashing. This law is designed to protect emergency responders and ensure they can work safely at the side of the road. If it is not possible to change lanes, drivers are generally required to reduce their speed to a safe level when passing the emergency vehicle. Following this law helps reduce the risk of accidents and injuries.

Turn on red refers to a traffic rule that allows drivers to turn right at a red traffic light, after stopping, unless there is a sign that specifically prohibits it. This rule is intended to improve traffic flow, but drivers must first come to a complete stop and ensure there is no oncoming traffic or pedestrians crossing before making the turn. The rule varies by location, so it is important to be aware of local traffic laws.

Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) is a technology that uses cameras and software to read and identify the license plates of vehicles. It captures images of number plates, then processes the information to compare with databases for tasks like checking vehicle registration or identifying stolen cars. This system is often used by law enforcement for monitoring traffic, enforcing regulations, or assisting in investigations. ANPR can be deployed in locations such as highways, parking lots, or at security checkpoints.

A traffic enforcement camera is a device used to monitor and record traffic violations, such as speeding or running red lights. It captures images or video footage of vehicles and their license plates when they break traffic laws. The data collected is used to issue tickets or fines to the vehicle owners. These cameras help improve road safety by encouraging drivers to follow the rules.

A red light running camera is a type of traffic camera used to catch vehicles that run red lights at intersections. The camera is typically installed at traffic lights and is triggered when a vehicle crosses the intersection after the light has turned red. The camera captures photos or videos of the vehicle, including its license plate, and the vehicle owner is then sent a ticket or fine. Red light running cameras help reduce accidents and improve safety by encouraging drivers to stop at red lights.

A stoplight is another term for a traffic light, used to control the movement of vehicles and pedestrians at intersections. It has three main colors: red, yellow, and green. Red means stop, yellow warns to slow down or prepare to stop, and green means it is safe to go. Stoplights are installed to help maintain order on the road, prevent accidents, and ensure smooth traffic flow. They are commonly found in busy areas where there is a lot of vehicle and pedestrian movement.

A green light is a signal that allows vehicles and pedestrians to move forward or turn, depending on the specific rules of the intersection. It is part of a traffic light system that controls movement to ensure safety and organization on roads. The green light usually follows a red or yellow light, indicating that waiting vehicles can proceed. However, in some cases, drivers must still let pedestrians or other vehicles go first before moving. Traffic lights help manage the flow of movement and reduce the chances of accidents.

A yellow light in traffic is a signal that warns drivers to slow down and prepare to stop, as the light will soon turn red. It is part of a traffic light system that controls movement and helps prevent accidents. The yellow light appears after the green light and before the red light, giving drivers a brief moment to react. In some cases, vehicles may still move through the intersection if they are too close to stop safely. Traffic lights help organize the flow of movement and improve safety on roads.

A wheel clamp is a metal device that is attached to a vehicle's wheel to prevent it from moving. It is usually used by authorities to stop vehicles that are parked illegally or have unpaid fines. The clamp locks around the wheel, making it difficult to remove without permission. It is designed to be strong and difficult to break, ensuring that the vehicle stays in place until the issue is resolved. Wheel clamps are commonly seen in parking lots, restricted areas, and on streets where unauthorized parking is not allowed.

A checkpoint is a place where people, vehicles, or goods are stopped and examined. It is usually set up by authorities to ensure safety, security, or to enforce laws. At a checkpoint, items may be checked, or people may be asked questions to verify their identity or reason for being there. Checkpoints are commonly found at borders, on roads, at airports, or in areas with high security concerns. Their purpose is to control movement and ensure that rules or regulations are followed.

A breath test is a quick and easy to perform procedure used to measure the amount of alcohol or other substances in a person's breath. It is commonly used by law enforcement to check if someone is driving under the influence of alcohol. The person being tested breathes into a device, which then analyzes the air to determine the alcohol level. If the level is above the legal limit, the person may face legal consequences, such as fines or arrest.

A speed trap is a place where law enforcement uses equipment to monitor and catch drivers who are speeding. It usually involves radar or cameras that measure how fast a vehicle is going. When a driver exceeds the speed limit, they may be fined or pulled over. Speed traps are often set up in areas where speeding is common, such as near schools, construction zones, or on highways. The goal of a speed trap is to encourage drivers to follow speed limits and improve road safety.

Traffic calming refers to measures taken to reduce the speed of vehicles and improve safety on roads, especially in areas with heavy pedestrian or cyclist activity. This can include features like speed bumps, narrower lanes, or roundabouts. The goal is to make roads safer and more comfortable for people walking, cycling, or living in the area. Traffic calming is often used in residential neighborhoods, near schools, or in busy city centers to prevent accidents and encourage more people to use alternative forms of transport.

Contraflow lane reversal is a traffic management method where lanes are temporarily switched to allow vehicles to travel in the opposite direction. This is often done during high traffic times, such as rush hours, to help reduce congestion. By changing the flow of traffic, more lanes are made available for vehicles going in the busiest direction. Contraflow lane reversal is typically used on highways or roads with multiple lanes, and traffic signs or signals are placed to guide drivers safely through the change.

Point duty refers to a situation where a police officer or traffic controller is assigned to manage traffic at a busy intersection or specific point on the road. The officer directs the flow of traffic by using hand signals or a traffic light to ensure that vehicles move safely and efficiently. Point duty is commonly done during heavy traffic times, events, or accidents when normal traffic signals may not be enough. This helps prevent accidents and keeps traffic moving efficiently by providing clear guidance to drivers and pedestrians.

Highway patrol is a police unit responsible for enforcing traffic laws and ensuring safety on highways and major roads. Officers in highway patrol units monitor traffic speeds, check for accidents, and help clear any hazards that may block the road. They also stop vehicles for violations such as speeding or driving under the influence. Highway patrols are often seen on long-distance roads or in areas with heavy traffic, and their goal is to reduce accidents and keep the roads safe for everyone.

Traffic police are law enforcement officers who focus on managing and enforcing traffic rules on the roads. Their duties include directing traffic, monitoring vehicle speeds, stopping drivers who break laws, and investigating accidents. Traffic police help keep roads safe by ensuring drivers follow speed limits, stop signs, and other important rules. They are commonly seen at busy intersections, near schools, or during events with heavy traffic, and their work helps reduce accidents and ensure smoother traffic flow.

A traffic guard is a person who helps direct traffic, usually at busy intersections or during events where traffic needs to be controlled. They ensure that vehicles and pedestrians move safely by guiding traffic with hand signals or traffic cones. Traffic guards are often seen in school zones, construction areas, or during parades and public events. Their main role is to prevent accidents, keep traffic organized, and make sure everyone follows the rules to stay safe.

A flagger is a person who uses a flag or other signaling device to direct traffic, often at construction sites or road work areas. Their main job is to stop or slow down vehicles, allowing workers to safely carry out their tasks. Flaggers may also help guide drivers through detours or around obstacles on the road. They typically wear bright clothing to be easily seen and work closely with other workers to ensure safety and smooth traffic flow in areas where road conditions are temporarily changed.

A crossing guard is a person who helps pedestrians, especially children, safely cross the street near schools or busy areas. They are responsible for stopping traffic when needed, using signs or signals, to ensure everyone crosses the road securely. Crossing guards often work near schools during arrival and dismissal times, playing an important role in promoting road safety and protecting pedestrians from accidents.

A bottleneck refers to a section of the road where vehicles slow down or stop due to a buildup, usually because the road narrows or there is an obstacle. This happens when there are more vehicles trying to pass through a limited space, causing delays and long lines of traffic. Common places for bottlenecks include areas with construction, accidents, or exits that only have one lane. Bottlenecks can lead to traffic jams and make travel times longer.

Traffic congestion is when there are too many vehicles on the road, causing slow movement or a complete standstill. This usually happens during rush hours, in busy areas, or when there is an accident. As a result, drivers experience delays and frustration because the cars are unable to move at a normal speed. Traffic congestion can occur when roads are not wide enough to handle the number of vehicles or when there are too many people trying to travel at the same time.

Through traffic refers to vehicles that pass through a specific area or road without stopping, typically on their way to another destination. These vehicles are not heading to or coming from locations in the area but are simply using the road as a route to get to another place. Through traffic is common on highways, major roads, or streets that connect different neighborhoods or regions. It can sometimes cause congestion in residential areas or smaller roads if not properly managed.

A yellow trap occurs when vehicles moving straight through an intersection mistakenly believe it is clear because they have a yellow light. This can lead to dangerous situations if vehicles turning or crossing the intersection are still in motion. Drivers who do not wait for the light to change may end up blocking the path of other vehicles, causing a potential collision. The yellow light is meant to signal caution, but in this case, it can create confusion and increase the risk of accidents if drivers misjudge the timing or movement of traffic.

An Idaho stop is a traffic rule that allows cyclists to treat stop signs as yield signs, meaning they can slow down and proceed through the intersection if no other vehicles or pedestrians are present. This rule is intended to help cyclists move more efficiently through intersections without compromising safety. While cyclists must still follow other traffic laws, the Idaho stop makes it easier for them to navigate busy roads. The rule is named after Idaho, where it was first introduced, and has been adopted in some other regions to improve traffic flow for cyclists.

Hours of service refers to the rules and regulations that limit the amount of time a commercial driver can work, particularly in the transportation industry. These rules are designed to prevent driver fatigue and ensure safety on the roads. They specify how many hours a driver can be behind the wheel, how long they must rest between driving periods, and how much total driving time is allowed within a day or week. Hours of service regulations help protect both drivers and others on the road by ensuring that drivers are well-rested and alert while driving.

An all-way stop is an intersection where traffic from all directions must stop before proceeding. At these intersections, each vehicle is required to come to a complete stop, regardless of which direction it is coming from. After stopping, drivers can proceed when it is safe, with the general rule being that the vehicle that arrives first goes first. If two vehicles arrive at the same time, the vehicle on the right has the right of way. All-way stops are used in areas where traffic control is needed to ensure safety and fairness at busy intersections.

A road diet is a traffic management strategy that reduces the number of lanes on a road to make it safer for all users, including pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers. The idea is to reallocate space from vehicle lanes to create safer areas for other types of transportation, like bike lanes or wider sidewalks. A road diet can also improve traffic flow by calming speeds and reducing accidents. This strategy is often used in urban areas to enhance safety, encourage walking and biking, and make the road environment more balanced.