Druhy medicíny

An antiviral is a type of medication that is used to treat infections caused by viruses. These medications work by targeting specific viruses and stopping their ability to reproduce or spread in the body. Antivirals can be used to treat a variety of viral infections, including influenza, HIV, AIDS, and hepatitis. They are prescribed by healthcare providers to help reduce symptoms, shorten the duration of illness, and prevent complications associated with viral infections.

Amphetamines are a type of medication that stimulate the central nervous system. They are mainly used to treat conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Amphetamines work by increasing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain that help improve focus and wakefulness. These medications are prescribed by healthcare providers to help manage symptoms and improve daily functioning in individuals with ADHD or narcolepsy.

An anticoagulant is a type of medication that helps prevent blood clotting. Anticoagulants work by slowing down the clotting process in the blood, thereby reducing the risk of blood clots forming in the arteries or veins. These medications are prescribed by healthcare providers to treat or prevent conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, and heart attack.

An anti-inflammatory is a type of medication that reduces inflammation in the body. These medications work by reducing swelling, pain, and redness caused by conditions such as arthritis, injuries, or infections. Anti-inflammatories can be prescribed by healthcare providers or purchased over-the-counter to relieve symptoms like joint pain, muscle soreness, and fever.

A beta blocker is a type of medication that helps treat various conditions by reducing heart rate, lowering blood pressure, and decreasing the workload on the heart. These medications are commonly prescribed for conditions such as high blood pressure, chest pain, heart failure, and certain heart rhythm disorders. Beta blockers are also used to prevent migraines and manage symptoms of anxiety.

A decongestant is a type of medication that helps relieve nasal blockage by reducing swelling and inflammation of the nasal passages. Decongestants work by narrowing the blood vessels in the nose, which reduces blood flow and decreases fluid buildup, allowing for easier breathing. These medications are commonly used to ease symptoms of blockage caused by allergies, colds, or sinus infections.

A depressant is a type of medication that slows down the central nervous system. These medications work by reducing brain activity, which can lead to relaxation, sleepiness, and decreased alertness. Depressants are commonly prescribed to treat conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, and certain types of seizures. They can also be used to relax muscles during surgical procedures or to manage symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.

An emetic is a type of medication that causes vomiting. Emetics are used to help remove toxic substances from the stomach in cases of poisoning or overdose. They work by stimulating the stomach lining and triggering the reflex to vomit, and so removing harmful substances before they can be absorbed into the body. Emetics are typically given under medical supervision and are not commonly used except in emergency situations where immediate removal of toxins is necessary.

An expectorant is a type of medication that helps loosen and remove mucus and phlegm from the lungs and airways. Expectorants work by thinning the mucus, making it easier to cough up and clear from the respiratory system. These medications are commonly used to relieve symptoms of cough associated with respiratory conditions such as the common cold, bronchitis, and pneumonia.

A fertility drug is a medication prescribed to help treat infertility in both men and women. These drugs work by stimulating or controlling the reproductive hormones responsible for ovulation in women or sperm production in men. They are often used in medical procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Herbal medicine refers to medicinal products made from plants and their extracts. These products are created from various parts of plants, such as leaves, roots, flowers, and seeds, and are used for their healing properties. Herbal medicine is often prepared as teas, extracts, capsules, or ointments, and it is used to promote health and treat various illnesses.

A hypnotic is a medication that helps cause sleep. These medications are prescribed to treat insomnia or other sleep disorders by relaxing the body and mind, making it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep. Hypnotics work on the brain to slow down activity, leading to sleepiness.

The idiom "magic bullet" originated from the early 20th century when the German scientist and physician Paul Ehrlich created the phrase to describe his concept of an ideal drug or substance that could specifically target and cure diseases without harming the rest of the body. The term became popular with Ehrlich's development of Salvarsan, a drug used to treat syphilis, which was one of the earliest examples of a targeted therapeutic substance. Over time, the phrase "magic bullet" came to refer more broadly to any drug, treatment, or therapy that specifically targets a disease or condition without causing harm to healthy tissues.

A multivitamin is a dietary supplement that has a combination of essential vitamins and minerals. These supplements are made to provide nutrients that may be lacking in a person's diet. Multivitamins typically include a wide range of vitamins such as vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, D, E, and K, as well as essential minerals like calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron. They are taken orally and are available in various forms such as tablets, capsules, liquids, and gummies.

A patent medicine refers to a type of medication that is typically sold without a prescription and is advertised as a cure for various illnesses or health conditions. In the past, these medicines were marketed with claims of effectiveness, often using catchy names and packaging to attract consumers. They became popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries before government authorities started to apply stricter standards for medical claims and ingredients. Patent medicines often has ingredients that were not mentioned or made claims that were not scientifically proven, leading to concerns about their safety and effectiveness. Today, the term "patent medicine" is sometimes used to refer to products that make exaggerated health claims without enough evidence.

A pessary is a small, flexible device designed to be placed inside the vagina. It is often used as a non-surgical treatment for conditions such as pelvic organ prolapse, where pelvic organs like the uterus, bladder, or rectum come down into the vaginal space. Pessaries come in various shapes and sizes, made from materials like silicone or rubber, and are customized by healthcare providers to suit individual needs. They can also be used to give medications directly to the cervix or vaginal walls.

A prophylactic is a preventive measure used to reduce the risk of disease or infection. It can include medications, treatments, vaccines, or behaviors aimed at protecting individuals from illness before it occurs. Prophylactics are commonly used in healthcare settings, such as giving vaccines to prevent diseases like influenza or providing antibiotics to prevent infection after surgery. It can also involve lifestyle changes, such as maintaining proper hygiene or using protective equipment like masks to prevent the spread of diseases or reduce exposure to germs.

A purgative is a type of medicine or substance that helps stimulate bowel movements. It is commonly used to treat constipation by promoting the passing of stools. Purgatives work by either increasing the movement of the intestines or by softening the stool, making it easier to pass.

A relaxant is a substance or medication that causes relaxation by reducing tension, stress, or muscle activity in the body. These medications work by calming the nervous system, which can ease muscle spasms, stiffness, or discomfort. Relaxants are commonly used to treat conditions such as muscle strains, spasms, or anxiety-related tension. They can be prescribed by healthcare providers and are available in various forms, including pills, injections, or creams.

Statin is a type of medication prescribed to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. These drugs work by stopping an enzyme in the liver involved in creating cholesterol, and so reducing the amount of cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream. Statins are commonly used to manage high cholesterol levels, which can help lower the risk of heart disease and stroke. They are typically taken orally and are considered effective and safe for many patients when used under medical supervision.

A suppository is a solid medication that is inserted into the body through the rectum, vagina, or urethra for absorption. Suppositories are made of a substance that melts at body temperature, allowing the medication to be absorbed into the bloodstream or have its effects directly in the area where it is inserted. They are commonly used for conditions such as constipation, hemorrhoids, nausea, or to give medications when oral intake is not possible.

A suppressant refers to a medication or substance that is used to stop or reduce a particular function or symptom in the body. For example, a cough suppressant is used to reduce or stop coughing, while an appetite suppressant is used to decrease appetite and food intake. These medications work by targeting specific parts or pathways in the body to achieve their intended effect.

A tincture is a liquid extract made from herbs or other plants, often used for medicinal purposes. It is created by soaking the plant in alcohol or vinegar to draw out its beneficial qualities. Tinctures are taken orally by adding a few drops to water to it or by directly putting it under the tongue. They are valued for their concentrated nature, making it easier to give specific doses of herbal remedies.

A local anesthetic is a type of medication that numbs a specific area of the body to prevent pain during medical procedures or surgery. It is applied directly to the skin, injected into the tissue, or given near nerves to block the sensation of pain in that particular area. Local anesthetics work by temporarily blocking the transmission of nerve signals, preventing them from reaching the brain. This allows healthcare providers to perform procedures without causing discomfort to the patient in the targeted area.

A pharmaceutic refers to a substance or formulation intended for use as a medication or drug. Pharmaceutics involve the science and techniques used in the preparation, formulation, and distribution of pharmaceutical products. These products are designed to treat, cure, ease symptoms of diseases and medical conditions or to prevent them. Pharmaceutics include various forms of medications, including tablets, capsules, syrups, injections, ointments, and creams, each carefully formulated to ensure effectiveness, safety, and proper use by patients.

A tranquilizer is a medication that helps to calm or relax a person by reducing anxiety, tension, or excitement. These medications are commonly used to treat conditions such as anxiety disorders, insomnia, or agitation. They work by affecting certain chemicals in the brain to produce a calming effect.