1-
biology
2-
biologist
3-
cycle
4-
to divide
5-
bacteria
6-
cell
7-
DNA
8-
biological
9-
evolution
10-
to evolve
11-
gene
12-
genetics
13-
organism
14-
species
15-
fertile
16-
mutation
17-
organic
18-
metabolism
19-
to reproduce
20-
parasite
21-
tissue
22-
antibody
23-
dominant
24-
genetic engineering
25-
male
26-
female
27-
virus
biology
biology
Podstatné jméno
b
b
io
aɪɑ
l
l
o
ə
g
ʤ
y
i
(biologická věda)

(biologická věda)

biologie

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

example
Příklad
Click on words
She developed a keen interest in biology and decided to pursue a career in medicine.
The biology textbook covered topics ranging from cell structure to ecosystem dynamics.
What is "biology"?

Biology is the study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, and interactions with their environment. It covers a wide range of topics, from the molecular mechanisms within cells to the behavior of entire ecosystems. Biology helps us understand the diversity of life on Earth, how organisms adapt to their surroundings, and the processes that sustain life, such as metabolism, reproduction, and evolution.

biologist
biologist
Podstatné jméno
b
b
io
aɪɑ
l
l
o
ə
g
ʤ
i
ɪ
s
s
t
t
(bioložka)

(bioložka)

biolog

(biology) a person who studies the science that deals with living organisms

cycle
cycle
Podstatné jméno
c
s
y
c
k
ə
l
l
e
(okolnost)

(okolnost)

cyklus

(biology) a series of transformations and events that happen in an animal or plant's lifetime

to divide
to divide
sloveso
d
d
i
ɪ
v
v
i
d
d
e
(dělit)

(dělit)

rozdělit

to separate people or things into two or more groups, parts, etc.

unite

Gramatické Informace:

Přechodný
bacteria
bacteria
Podstatné jméno
b
b
a
æ
c
k
t
t
e
ɪ
r
r
ia
(bakteriální)

(bakteriální)

bakterie

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

cell
cell
Podstatné jméno
c
s
e
ɛ
ll
l
(jednotka)

(jednotka)

buňka

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

What is a "cell"?

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit that forms the foundation of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life capable of carrying out essential processes, such as metabolism, reproduction, and responding to stimuli. Cells have specialized structures and organelles that enable them to perform specific functions, such as the nucleus containing genetic material, mitochondria producing energy, and the cell membrane regulating the exchange of substances. Together, cells make up various tissues, organs, and systems, working harmoniously to maintain the body's structure, function, and overall health.

DNA
DNA
Podstatné jméno
uk flag
/dˌiːˌɛnˈeɪ/
(deoxyribonukleová kyselina)

(deoxyribonukleová kyselina)

DNA

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

What is "deoxyribonucleic acid"?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. DNA is made of two long, twisted strands that form a spiral shape, and it carries the hereditary information used to build and maintain an organism. Each segment of DNA, called a gene, provides instructions for making specific proteins that influence traits and manage various bodily functions. DNA is found in the cells of all living things and is passed from parents to children, directing growth and development.

biological
Přídavné jméno
b
b
io
aɪə
l
l
o
ɑ
g
ʤ
i
ɪ
c
k
a
ə
l
l
(biologický (vědecký))

(biologický (vědecký))

biologický

relating to the science that explores living organisms and their functions

evolution
evolution
Podstatné jméno
e
ɛ
v
v
o
ə
l
l
u
u
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(vývoj)

(vývoj)

evoluce

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

to evolve
to evolve
sloveso
e
i
v
v
o
ɑ
l
l
v
v
e
(evolvovat)

(evolvovat)

vyvíjet se

(biology) to change gradually and over generations into forms that are better adapted to the environment and fitter to survive

Gramatické Informace:

Neprůchodný
gene
gene
Podstatné jméno
g
ʤ
e
i
n
n
e
(dědičná jednotka)

(dědičná jednotka)

gen

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

What is a "gene"?

A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the body's growth, development, and overall functioning. Genes influence traits such as eye color, blood type, and the likelihood of developing certain diseases. They are passed from parents to children and can affect how the body responds to environmental factors and treatments.

genetics
genetics
Podstatné jméno
g
ʤ
e
ə
n
n
e
ɛ
t
t
i
ɪ
c
k
s
s
(genetické vědy)

(genetické vědy)

genetika

the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

organism
organism
Podstatné jméno
o
ɔ
r
r
g
g
a
ə
n
n
i
ɪ
s
z
ə
m
m
(živý tvor)

(živý tvor)

organismus

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

species
species
Podstatné jméno
s
s
p
p
e
i
c
ʃ
ie
i
s
z
(species)

(species)

druh

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

fertile
fertile
Přídavné jméno
f
f
e
ɜ
r
r
t
t
i
ə
l
l
e
(úrodný)

(úrodný)

plodný

(of an animal, person, or plant) able to produce offspring, fruit, or seed

sterile
mutation
mutation
Podstatné jméno
m
m
u
ju
t
t
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(změna)

(změna)

mutace

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

organic
Přídavné jméno
o
ɔ
r
r
g
g
a
æ
n
n
i
ɪ
c
k
(organického původu)

(organického původu)

organický

relating to a carbon-based compound that has a biological origin

inorganic
metabolism
Podstatné jméno
m
m
e
ə
t
t
a
æ
b
b
o
ə
l
l
i
ɪ
s
z
ə
m
m
(výmetabolismus)

(výmetabolismus)

metabolismus

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

What is "metabolism"?

Metabolism refers to the complex set of biochemical processes that occur within cells to convert nutrients into energy and essential molecules for growth, repair, and maintenance. It encompasses both the breakdown of substances (catabolism) to release energy and the synthesis of molecules (anabolism) to build and maintain cellular structures. Metabolism influences the body's energy expenditure, regulation of body weight, hormone production, and overall physiological functioning. It is regulated by various factors, including genetics, age, diet, physical activity, and hormonal balance. Metabolism is a vital process that supports the body's basic functions and is closely linked to overall health and well-being.

to reproduce
to reproduce
sloveso
uk flag
/ˌɹipɹəˈdus/
(rozmnožovat se)

(rozmnožovat se)

reprodukovat

(of a living being) to produce offspring or more of itself

Gramatické Informace:

Neprůchodný
parasite
Podstatné jméno
p
p
a
ɛ
r
r
a
ə
s
s
i
t
t
e
(parazity)

(parazity)

parazit

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

host
tissue
tissue
Podstatné jméno
t
t
i
ɪ
ss
ʃ
ue
u
(přenášená látka)

(přenášená látka)

tkáň

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

What is "tissue"?

Tissue refers to a group or collection of specialized cells that work together to perform a specific function. Tissues can be categorized into four main types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Epithelial tissue forms protective barriers and linings, connective tissue provides support and structure, muscle tissue enables movement and contraction, and nervous tissue facilitates communication and electrical signaling. Tissues are the building blocks of organs and systems, playing a vital role in maintaining the body's structure, function, and overall homeostasis.

antibody
Podstatné jméno
a
æ
n
n
t
t
i
i
b
b
o
ɑ
d
d
y
i
(imunoglobulin)

(imunoglobulin)

protilátka

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

What is an "antibody"?

An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a specialized protein produced by white blood cells called B cells. It is a critical component of the immune system and plays a vital role in defending the body against invading pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. Antibodies recognize and bind to specific molecules on the surface of these pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells or neutralizing their harmful effects. They contribute to the body's ability to mount an immune response, provide immunity against future infections, and help maintain overall health and well-being.

dominant
Přídavné jméno
d
d
o
ɑ
m
m
i
ə
n
n
a
ə
n
n
t
t
(významný)

(významný)

dominantní

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

recessive
genetic engineering
genetic engineering
Podstatné jméno
uk flag
/dʒɛnˈɛɾɪk ˌɛndʒɪnˈɪɹɪŋ/
(genetická manipulace)

(genetická manipulace)

genetické inženýrství

the science or process of deliberately modifying the features of a living organism by changing its genetic information

Gramatické Informace:

Složené Podstatné Jméno
male
male
Přídavné jméno
m
m
a
l
l
e
(mužský)

(mužský)

samec

belonging to the sex that cannot give birth to babies or lay eggs but is capable of fertilization of the opposite sex

female
female
female
Přídavné jméno
f
f
e
i:
m
m
a
l
l
e
(samčí)

(samčí)

ženský

belonging to the sex that is fertilized by the opposite sex and can lay eggs or give birth to babies

androgynous
virus
virus
Podstatné jméno
v
v
i
r
r
u
ə
s
s
(vir)

(vir)

virus

a microscopic agent that causes disease in people, animals, and plants

Gratulujeme! !

Naučili jste se 27 slov ze Lesson 12. Pro zlepšení učení a opakování slovní zásoby začněte cvičit!

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