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English Vocabulary in Use - Advanced /

039. History: Since The Dawn of Civilisation

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Έξοδος
1-
archeologist
2-
empire
3-
kingdom
4-
dynasty
5-
dawn
6-
reign
7-
heir
8-
successor
9-
coronation
10-
conquest
11-
manuscript
12-
peasant
13-
laborer
14-
migration
15-
shred
16-
Bronze Age
17-
medieval
18-
Renaissance
19-
precolonial
20-
infantry
21-
cavalry
22-
armor
23-
chariot
24-
galleon
25-
warlord
26-
slave
27-
ruler
28-
explorer
29-
merchant
30-
monarch
31-
monarchy
32-
nobility
33-
slavery
archeologist
archeologist
ουσιαστικό
a
ɑ:
r
r
ch
k
eo
ɪɑ:
l
l
o
ə
g
ʤ
i
ɪ
s
s
t
t
Spelling
Κλείσιμο
Σύνδεση
(αρxαιολογικός επιστήμονας)

(αρxαιολογικός επιστήμονας)

αρχαιολόγος

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

empire
ουσιαστικό
e
ɛ
m
m
p
p
i
aɪɜ
r
r
e
(βασίλειο)

(βασίλειο)

αυτοκρατορία

the states or countries that are ruled under a single authority by a single government or monarch

kingdom
ουσιαστικό
k
k
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g
d
d
o
ə
m
m
(βασιλεία)

(βασιλεία)

βασίλειο

an area or territory that is governed by a king or queen

dynasty
ουσιαστικό
d
d
y
n
n
a
ə
s
s
t
t
y
i
(Βασιλική γραμμή)

(Βασιλική γραμμή)

Δυναστεία

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dawn
ουσιαστικό
d
d
a
ɔ
w
n
n
(ένδειξη)

(ένδειξη)

αυγή

the beginning or first appearance of something, especially when it marks the start of a new period or phase

reign
ουσιαστικό
r
r
ei
g
n
n
(βασιλεία του μονάρχη)

(βασιλεία του μονάρχη)

βασιλεία

the period that a monarch rules

heir
ουσιαστικό
h
ei
ɛ
r
r
(διάδοχος)

(διάδοχος)

κληρονόμος

someone who has the legal right to inherit the property, money, or title of a deceased individual

successor
ουσιαστικό
s
s
u
ə
c
k
c
s
e
ɛ
ss
s
o
ɜ
r
r
(υποδιάδοχος)

(υποδιάδοχος)

διάδοχος

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

coronation
coronation
ουσιαστικό
c
k
o
ɔ
r
r
o
ə
n
n
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(κορώνισμα)

(κορώνισμα)

στέψη

the formal ceremony or event during which a monarch or sovereign is officially crowned and invested with regal authority

conquest
conquest
ουσιαστικό
c
k
o
ɑ
n
n
q
k
u
w
e
ɛ
s
s
t
t
(κατακτητικός)

(κατακτητικός)

κατάκτηση

the act of taking possession of an area by using military force

manuscript
ουσιαστικό
m
m
a
æ
n
n
u
j
ə
s
s
c
k
r
r
i
ɪ
p
p
t
t
(manuskriptos)

(manuskriptos)

χειρόγραφο

a handwritten or typed document that has not yet been published or printed, often used to refer to an author's draft of a book or other literary work

What is a "manuscript"?

A manuscript is a handwritten or typed document that represents an author's original work before it is published. It can include drafts of novels, essays, research papers, or other written material. Manuscripts are used to review, edit, and refine the content before it is finalized for publication or presentation. They can be in various stages of completion, from rough drafts to near-final versions, and are crucial in the process of creating a polished and finished work.

peasant
ουσιαστικό
p
p
ea
ɛ
s
z
a
ə
n
n
t
t
(χωρικός)

(χωρικός)

αγρότης

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

laborer
ουσιαστικό
l
l
a
b
b
o
ɜ
r
r
e
ɜ
r
r
(εργαζόμενος)

(εργαζόμενος)

εργάτης

someone whose job includes heavy physical work that does not require much skill

migration
ουσιαστικό
m
m
i
g
g
r
r
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(μετακίνηση)

(μετακίνηση)

μετανάστευση

the act of moving to another place or country

shred
ουσιαστικό
sh
ʃ
r
r
e
ɛ
d
d
(τρύπα)

(τρύπα)

κομμάτι

a tiny or scarcely detectable amount

Bronze Age
ουσιαστικό
uk flag
/bɹˈɑːnz ˈeɪdʒ/
(Εποχή του Χαλκού (Epohi tou Chalkou))

(Εποχή του Χαλκού (Epohi tou Chalkou))

Χαλκολιθική Εποχή (Chalkolithiki Epohi)

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Γραμματικές Πληροφορίες:

Σύνθετο Ουσιαστικό
medieval
medieval
επίθετο
m
m
e
i
d
d
ie
i
v
v
a
ə
l
l
(μεσαιωνική)

(μεσαιωνική)

μεσαιωνικός

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

Renaissance
ουσιαστικό
uk flag
/ɹˈɛnəsˌɑːns/
(Ρενεσάνς)

(Ρενεσάνς)

Αναγέννηση

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

precolonial
επίθετο
uk flag
/pɹˌiːkəlˈoʊnɪəl/
(προαποικιακός)

(προαποικιακός)

προ-(περίοδος) αποικισμού

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

infantry
ουσιαστικό
i
ɪ
n
n
f
f
a
ə
n
n
t
t
r
r
y
i
(στρατός πεζικού)

(στρατός πεζικού)

πεζικό

foot soldiers who fight on the ground with small arms

cavalry
ουσιαστικό
c
k
a
æ
v
v
a
ə
l
l
r
r
y
i
(καβαλαρία)

(καβαλαρία)

ιππικό

troops trained to fight on horseback

armor
armor
ουσιαστικό
a
ɑ
r
r
m
m
o
ə
r
r
(αμυντική θωράκιση)

(αμυντική θωράκιση)

πανοπλία

a protective metal clothing used by soldiers in the past in order not to be harmed or injured during battles

What is "armor"?

Armor is a type of protective clothing made of metal or other durable materials worn by soldiers in the past to protect themselves from harm or injury during battles. Armor was typically made up of various pieces, such as a helmet, breastplate, gauntlets, greaves, and sometimes even a shield, covering different body parts. Different types of armor were developed over time, such as chainmail, plate armor, and scale armor. They were often designed to provide maximum protection while still allowing the wearer to move around and fight effectively.

chariot
chariot
ουσιαστικό
ch
ʧ
a
ɛ
r
r
io
t
t
(αρματοδρομία)

(αρματοδρομία)

άμαξα

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

galleon
ουσιαστικό
g
g
a
æ
ll
l
eo
n
n
N/A

N/A

a large square-rigged sailing ship with three or more masts; used by the Spanish for commerce and war from the 15th to 18th centuries

warlord
ουσιαστικό
w
w
a
ɔ
r
r
l
l
o
ɔ
r
r
d
d
N/A

N/A

supreme military leader exercising civil power in a region especially one accountable to nobody when the central government is weak

slave
slave
ουσιαστικό
s
s
l
l
a
v
v
e
(δέσμιος)

(δέσμιος)

δούλος

a person who is owned by someone

ruler
ruler
ουσιαστικό
r
r
u
u
l
l
e
ɜ
r
r
N/A

N/A

a person who controls or leads a country, territory, or group of people

explorer
ουσιαστικό
e
ɪ
x
ks
p
p
l
l
o
ɔ
r
r
e
ɜ
r
r
(ανακριτής)

(ανακριτής)

εξερευνητής

a person who visits unknown places to find out more about them

merchant
ουσιαστικό
m
m
e
ɜ
r
r
ch
ʧ
a
ə
n
n
t
t
(ποιητής εμπορευμάτων)

(ποιητής εμπορευμάτων)

έμπορος

someone who buys and sells goods wholesale

monarch
monarch
ουσιαστικό
m
m
o
ɑ
n
n
a
ɑ
r
r
ch
k
(μονοάρχης (monoarchis))

(μονοάρχης (monoarchis))

μοναρχικός (monarhikos)

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarchy
monarchy
ουσιαστικό
m
m
o
ɑ
n
n
a
ɑ
r
r
ch
k
y
i
(μοναρχία)

(μοναρχία)

μονάρχης

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

nobility
ουσιαστικό
n
n
o
b
b
i
ɪ
l
l
i
ə
t
t
y
i
(αριστοκρατία)

(αριστοκρατία)

ευγένεια

the class of people with the highest social or political ranks and titles

slavery
slavery
ουσιαστικό
s
s
l
l
a
v
v
e
ɜ
r
r
y
i
(σκλαβιά)

(σκλαβιά)

δουλεία

the state in which a person is owned by someone and used for forced labor

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