ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΣΤΙΚΑ ΥΛΙΚΑ

Putty is a soft, flexible substance used in construction and repair for filling gaps, sealing joints, or attaching materials. Typically made from a mixture of ingredients like linseed oil and pigments or from synthetic materials, putty can be used in various applications, such as window glazing, patching walls, or securing tiles. When applied, it can be shaped easily to fit different surfaces, providing a smooth finish. Putty is valued for its ability to create a strong bond and its flexibility, which allows it to accommodate slight movements in materials without cracking.

Limestone is a type of rock made mainly of calcium carbonate, often formed from the remains of marine organisms. It is typically light in color, ranging from white to gray or yellow, and is known for its durability and versatility in construction. Limestone is commonly used for building materials, such as bricks, tiles, and decorative stones, as well as in road construction and as a filler in concrete. Additionally, it can be used in various industrial processes, including the production of lime for chemical applications. Its natural beauty and workability make limestone a popular choice for both structural and aesthetic purposes in architecture and landscaping.

Laminate is a synthetic material made by layering thin sheets of paper or plastic, often fused together with heat and pressure, to create a durable and attractive surface. It is commonly used for countertops, flooring, and furniture due to its ability to mimic the appearance of natural materials like wood or stone while being more affordable and resistant to wear, scratches, and moisture. Laminate surfaces are easy to clean and maintain, making them a practical choice for both residential and commercial settings. The wide variety of colors and designs available allows for versatile applications in different interior styles.

Granite is a hard type of rock composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica, formed from the slow crystallization of magma beneath the Earth's surface. Known for its strength, durability, and resistance to scratches and heat, granite is a popular choice in construction and design. It is commonly used for countertops, flooring, and tiles, as well as for monuments and buildings. Available in a wide range of colors and patterns, granite's natural beauty enhances the aesthetic appeal of various spaces. Its longevity and low maintenance requirements make it an ideal material for both residential and commercial applications.

Filler is a material used to fill gaps, holes, or spaces in various construction and repair applications. It can be made from a variety of substances, including plaster, putty, or synthetic compounds, depending on the specific use. Fillers are commonly used in wall repairs, flooring installations, and woodworking to create a smooth surface or to provide support. They help improve the appearance of surfaces by masking imperfections and can be painted or finished over once dry. Fillers are essential for ensuring a polished look in both residential and commercial projects.

Daub is a mixture of materials, such as clay, mud, or straw, used in construction to coat walls or to create a plaster-like surface. It is often applied in layers to provide insulation and weatherproofing, commonly found in traditional building methods. Daub is typically used in combination with a framework of wattle or timber, providing both structural support and a finished surface. This technique has been used for centuries in various cultures, and while it may not be as common in modern construction, it is still appreciated for its natural appearance and environmental benefits.

Caulk is a flexible material used to fill gaps, joints, or cracks in different surfaces, like walls, windows, or pipes. It helps to prevent air, water, dust, or insects from entering through these spaces. Caulk can be made from various materials, including silicone, acrylic, or polyurethane, and it is typically applied with a caulking gun. Once applied, it dries to form a durable, smooth seal that improves insulation, prevents leaks, and enhances the overall appearance of the area.

Bitumen is a thick, black, sticky substance that is often used in construction and paving. It is a form of petroleum and is commonly found in road construction as an adhesive material for asphalt. Bitumen is also used for waterproofing, sealing roofs, and as a protective coating for pipes. It is known for its durability and resistance to water and weathering, making it ideal for applications that require a strong, weather-resistant seal. It can be applied in liquid form or as solid sheets and is heated before use to make it easier to work with.

Aggregate is a collection of materials, such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone, that are mixed together to create concrete or asphalt. These materials provide bulk and strength to the mixture, making it more durable. Aggregates are used in various construction projects, including road building, foundations, and sidewalks. They come in different sizes, from fine particles like sand to larger pieces like stones, depending on the specific requirements of the project.

A slab is a flat, horizontal surface made of materials like concrete, stone, or wood, often used as a building foundation, floor, or roof. It is usually thick and strong to support weight and distribute loads evenly. Slabs are common in construction for homes, buildings, and pavements, providing a sturdy and durable base for various structures.

Rubble refers to rough, broken pieces of stone, brick, or concrete often used in construction, especially for foundations, walls, or as filler material. These pieces are usually irregular in shape and size and can come from demolished structures or be naturally formed. Rubble is valued for its strength and durability in certain building applications.

Plate glass is a flat, smooth type of glass commonly used in windows, doors, and storefronts. It is made by rolling or floating molten glass into thin, even sheets, which are then cooled and polished to create a clear, durable surface. Plate glass is ideal for providing large, unobstructed views and allowing natural light to pass through.

Masonry refers to building materials like bricks, stones, or concrete blocks that are typically used in construction. These materials are often arranged in layers and joined together with mortar to create strong, durable structures such as walls, foundations, or arches. Masonry is valued for its strength, fire resistance, and ability to withstand weather over time.

A joist is a horizontal structural element that supports a floor or ceiling in a building. Joists run parallel to each other and are typically made of wood, steel, or engineered wood. They help distribute the weight of the floor or ceiling to the walls or beams, ensuring the stability and strength of the structure.

A breeze block, also known as a concrete block or cinder block, is a large, rectangular building material made from a mixture of concrete and lightweight substances like ash or sand. It is often used in construction for building walls and foundations due to its strength, durability, and insulating properties. Breeze blocks are commonly used in both residential and commercial buildings, and their hollow centers help to reduce weight while providing space for wiring or insulation. They are easy to handle and are an economical choice for building structures.

Asbestos is a soft, greyish group of minerals made up of tiny fibers that was once commonly used in construction and other products because of its ability to resist fire, heat, and electricity. It was often used in insulation, roofing, flooring, and even clothing for its durability. However, it has been found to be harmful to health, as inhaling asbestos fibers can lead to serious diseases like lung cancer and mesothelioma. Due to these health risks, the use of asbestos has been heavily restricted or banned in many countries.

Cork is a light, spongy material that comes from the bark of the cork oak tree. It is often used for making bottle stoppers, flooring, and insulation because it is soft, flexible, and resistant to moisture. Cork is also a renewable material, as the bark can be harvested without harming the tree, making it an environmentally friendly option. It has a natural ability to absorb sound and is often used in places where noise reduction is needed. Additionally, cork is durable, lightweight, and biodegradable.

Corrugated metal is a type of metal sheet that has been shaped into a pattern of ridges and grooves. This design adds strength and stiffness, making the material durable and lightweight. It is often used for roofing, walls, and fencing because it is weather-resistant, affordable, and easy to install. The wavy texture also helps with water drainage, preventing it from collecting on the surface. Corrugated metal is commonly made from steel, aluminum, or tin, and it is often coated to protect against rust and corrosion.

Stainless steel is a type of metal that is highly resistant to rust and staining, making it a popular choice for both cookware and construction materials. In cookware, it is used for pots, pans, and utensils because it does not react with food, is easy to clean, and is durable. In construction, stainless steel is used for structural elements like beams, columns, and facades due to its strength, corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand harsh weather. The material is made by mixing steel with chromium and other elements, which helps it resist rust and maintain its appearance over time.

Metal mesh is a material made from thin wires or metal strips that are woven, welded, or braided together to form a grid-like pattern. It is commonly used in construction, industrial applications, and home improvement. The mesh can be made from various metals such as steel, aluminum, or brass, and is known for its strength, flexibility, and durability. Metal mesh is used for purposes such as reinforcing concrete, creating fences or screens, and filtering materials. It allows air or light to pass through while offering protection or structural support.

A glass block is a solid, molded piece of glass that is used in construction to create walls, windows, or decorative features. It is typically made of clear or frosted glass and has a hollow interior, which makes it lightweight and provides insulation. Glass blocks allow light to pass through while maintaining privacy, as their textured surfaces blur the view from the outside. They are often used in bathrooms, basements, or exterior walls for both aesthetic and functional purposes, offering a balance between privacy and natural light.

Precast concrete is a type of concrete that is made in a controlled environment, like a factory, and then transported to a construction site for use. It is shaped and hardened into specific forms, such as walls, beams, or slabs, before being delivered. This method ensures consistent quality, saves time during construction, and allows for greater precision compared to pouring concrete on-site. Precast concrete is commonly used in buildings, bridges, and other structures where strength and durability are important.

Stone veneer is a thin layer of stone, or a material made to look like stone, that is used to cover walls or surfaces. It is mainly for decoration and gives the appearance of a solid stone structure without the weight or cost of using full stone blocks. Stone veneer can be made from natural stone or manufactured materials and is commonly used on building exteriors, fireplaces, and interior walls to add a stylish and natural look.

Slate tile is a type of flooring or wall material made from slate, a natural rock that splits easily into thin, flat pieces. These tiles are durable, water-resistant, and have a textured surface, making them suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. Slate tiles are often used in kitchens, bathrooms, patios, or roofs because they are strong, long-lasting, and have a natural appearance with unique colors and patterns.

A roofing tile is a flat or curved piece of material used to cover roofs, protecting buildings from rain, sunlight, and other weather conditions. Roofing tiles are typically made from clay, concrete, metal, or other durable materials and are designed to overlap in a way that directs water off the roof. They are commonly used for their durability, insulation, and decorative appeal, often adding a distinctive style to buildings.

Thatch is a natural material made from dried plants like straw, reeds, or grass, used to cover roofs. These plant materials are tightly layered to create a roof that provides protection from rain and helps insulate the building. Thatch is a traditional roofing material often found in rural areas or older buildings and is valued for its natural look and ability to keep homes cool in hot weather and warm in cold weather.

Adobe is a building material made from a mixture of clay, sand, water, and straw, which is then dried in the sun to form bricks or blocks. It has been used for centuries, especially in hot, dry climates, because of its ability to keep buildings cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Adobe is a sustainable and natural material, and structures built with it are often known for their thick, solid walls and earthy, rustic appearance.

Polycarbonate is a type of strong, transparent plastic often used in construction, electronics, and safety equipment. It is lightweight yet durable, resistant to impact, and can be shaped into sheets or other forms. Polycarbonate is commonly used in windows, skylights, and greenhouses, as it allows light to pass through while providing protection from weather or harmful UV rays. It is also used in eyewear lenses, protective coverings, and even as a material for some types of safety helmets.

Vinyl is a type of synthetic plastic, known for its versatility and durability. It is commonly used in construction materials, flooring, siding, windows, and pipes, as well as in clothing, records, and furniture. Vinyl is resistant to water, stains, and wear, making it easy to maintain and suitable for a wide range of applications. It can be flexible or rigid, depending on how it is processed, and is available in a variety of colors and finishes.

Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is a type of concrete that is strengthened with glass fibers to make it lighter and more durable. The fibers are mixed into the concrete, improving its strength and resistance to cracking, making it ideal for creating thin, strong structures. GFRC is commonly used in architectural elements such as facades, sculptures, and decorative panels, as it allows for more intricate designs without adding much weight. It is also resistant to weather, making it suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications.

Plaster is a building material made from a mixture of lime, chalk, or cement with water, used to coat walls and ceilings. It hardens when it dries and creates a smooth, durable surface. Plaster is often applied in layers to provide a solid base for painting or wallpaper and is also used for decorative purposes, such as molding or sculpting. It is valued for its ability to create a polished finish and its ability to help with soundproofing and temperature regulation in buildings.

Ceramic is a hard, durable material made from clay and other natural substances that are shaped and then baked at high temperatures. It is commonly used for making pottery, tiles, dishes, and building materials. Ceramic is known for its smooth finish, ability to retain heat, and resistance to wear and moisture. It is also often used in decorative items and can come in a variety of colors and designs, depending on how it is glazed or treated.

Terracotta is a type of clay that is baked at a low temperature to create a durable, reddish-brown ceramic material. It is often used for making pottery, sculptures, and tiles. Terracotta items have a natural, earthy color and a porous texture, which can be left unglazed or covered with a clear or colored glaze. This material is valued for its workability, affordability, and the warm, rustic look it provides.

Roofing refers to the materials used to cover and protect the top of a building. These materials are designed to keep out rain, snow, and other weather conditions while providing insulation. Common roofing materials include tiles, metal sheets, and rubber or plastic coverings. Each material has its own advantages, such as durability, weather resistance, and cost. Roofing materials are chosen based on factors like the climate, style of the building, and the budget for the project.

A board is a flat, thin, rectangular piece of material, usually made of wood, plastic, or metal. Boards are used in construction, furniture making, and many other applications. They can vary in size and thickness and are often cut or shaped to fit specific needs. For example, wooden boards are commonly used for floors, walls, and furniture, while plastic or metal boards might be used for signs or shelving. Boards are valued for their strength, versatility, and ability to be easily worked with.

A plank is a long, flat, and typically wide piece of wood or other material, often thicker than a board. Planks are commonly used in construction, flooring, and furniture making due to their strength and size. They can be used to build walls, decks, or even bridges, and are often incorporated into larger structures for stability and durability. Planks can also be cut into smaller pieces or shaped to fit specific needs. They are especially valued for their durability and natural appearance, particularly when made from hardwood.

Clapboard is a type of thin, overlapping wooden board used for siding on buildings. It is typically laid horizontally in rows, with each board slightly overlapping the one below it to help protect the structure from weather. Clapboard is often used in traditional or rustic architecture and is valued for its simple, natural look and ability to withstand the elements. It can be painted or stained to enhance its appearance and increase its durability.

Fiberboard is made from wood fibers or plant-based fibers that are pressed and bonded together using heat, pressure, and adhesives. It is commonly used in construction, furniture making, and interior applications. Fiberboard comes in different types, such as medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and hardboard, offering various levels of strength and smoothness. It is valued for being lightweight, easy to shape, and cost-effective. Fiberboard can be painted or veneered to improve its appearance and is often used for panels, cabinetry, and flooring.

A floorboard is a long, narrow piece of wood or other material used to cover the surface of a floor. It is typically placed side by side, with edges that fit together to create a smooth, stable walking surface. Floorboards are commonly made of hardwood, but can also be made from other materials like laminate or engineered wood. They are valued for their durability, natural appearance, and ability to withstand heavy foot traffic. Floorboards are often used in homes, offices, and other buildings to provide both functionality and aesthetic appeal.

Hardboard is a type of engineered wood made from compressed wood fibers and resin, which are pressed together under high heat and pressure. It is denser and harder than other fiberboard materials, making it more durable and resistant to wear. Hardboard is commonly used in furniture making, cabinetry, and as a backing material for panels and doors. It is smooth on both sides and can be painted or laminated for different finishes. Hardboard is valued for its strength, versatility, and ability to withstand impact.

Pre-stressed concrete is a type of concrete that is specially treated to make it stronger and more durable. Before the concrete is poured, steel tendons or wires are stretched and placed inside the form. Once the concrete hardens, the tendons are released, putting the concrete under compression. This process helps the concrete resist bending and cracking under heavy loads. Pre-stressed concrete is commonly used in building bridges, parking structures, and large buildings where high strength and durability are required.

Brownstone is a type of reddish-brown sandstone that is commonly used in building construction. It is known for its distinctive color and texture, making it a popular choice for the facades of homes, particularly in cities like New York. Brownstone is durable and can be carved or shaped easily, which makes it ideal for decorative features like window frames, doorways, and columns. It is often used in urban architecture and is valued for its classic, elegant appearance.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a type of plastic commonly used in a wide range of products, from pipes and flooring to windows and clothing. It is durable, lightweight, and resistant to moisture, chemicals, and weather, making it ideal for both indoor and outdoor applications. PVC can be rigid or flexible depending on how it is processed. It is popular for use in plumbing, electrical wiring, and construction due to its affordability, strength, and ease of maintenance. PVC is also easily molded into different shapes, which adds to its versatility.