Geology

mineralogy

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/mɪ.nɜ.rɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /mi.nē.raa.lē.ji/

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(Μεταλλολογία)

Ορυκτολογία

the scientific study of minerals, their composition, properties, and classification, often involving the analysis of crystal structures and the identification of various mineral species

petrology

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/pət.rɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /pēt.raa.lē.ji/

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(Πετρωλογία)

Πετρολογία

the branch of geology that focuses on the study of rocks, their classification, composition, origin, and the processes involved in their formation

geomorphology

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/ʤiə.mɔr.fɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /jiē.mawr.faa.lē.ji/

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(γεωμορφολογία (επιστήμη))

γεωμορφολογία

the scientific study of landforms, their origin, development, and classification, often examining the processes that shape the Earth's surface, such as erosion, deposition, and tectonic activity

stalactite

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/sta.læk.taɪt/ or /sta.lāk.tait/

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(σταλακτίτες)

σταλακτίτης

a tapering, icicle-like mineral formation hanging from the roof of a cave or underground structure, typically composed of calcium carbonate deposited by dripping water containing dissolved minerals

stalagmite

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/stæ.ləg.maɪt/ or /stā.lēg.mait/

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(σταλαγμίτης σπηλαίου)

σταλαγμίτης

a cone-shaped mineral formation rising from the floor of a cave or underground structure, formed by the deposition of minerals from dripping water containing dissolved substances

eon

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/iɑn/ or /iaan/

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(αιώνας γεωλογικός)

αιώνας

a vast and longest subdivision of geological time

pangea

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/pæn.ʤiə/ or /pān.jiē/

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(Πανγαία)

Παγγαία

a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras, comprising most of Earth's landmasses fused together before breaking apart into the continents we recognize today

gondwanaland

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/gɑnd.wɑ.nɑ.lænd/ or /gaand.vaa.naa.lānd/

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(Γονδβανάλανδη)

Γοντουαναλάνδη

an ancient supercontinent that included South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Peninsula

laurasia

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/lɔ:.reɪ.ʒə/ or /law.rei.zhē/

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(Λαυρασία (ένας υποθετικός αρχαίος υπερηπειρωτικός χώρος))

Λαυρασία

a hypothetical ancient supercontinent that existed from the late Precambrian to the Jurassic period, comprising the landmasses of present-day North America, Europe, Asia, and parts of Antarctica, before it began to break apart

hydrosphere

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/haɪd.rəs.fɪr/ or /haid.rēs.fir/

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(υδροσφαιρική)

υδροσφαίρα

the total amount of water on Earth, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and atmospheric water vapor

superposition

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/su.pɜr.pə.zɪ.ʃən/ or /soo.pēr.pē.zi.shēn/

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(υπερκατάθεση)

υπερθέση

a principle in geology stating that in a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks are at the top, and the oldest rocks are at the bottom, helping determine the relative ages of geological formations

bedrock

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(θεμέλιο)

βάθος

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

mantle

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/mæn.təl/ or /mān.tēl/

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(μάντεμα)

μανδύας

the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales