Chemistry

catalyst

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(καταλύτρια)

καταλύτης

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

catalysis

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(καταλύτης)

κατάλυση

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

covalent bond

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/kˈoʊveɪlənt bˈɑːnd/

(μοριακός δεσμός)

κοινοτικό δεσμό

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

isomer

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(ισομερής)

ισομερές

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

polymer

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(πολυμερική ένωση (polymirikí énosi))

πολύμερές (polýmeres)

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

monomer

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(μονάδα)

μονόμερές

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

hydrocarbon

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/haɪd.roʊ.kɑr.bən/ or /haid.rooo.kaar.bēn/

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(υδρογονικές ενώσεις)

υδρογονάνθρακας

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

ester

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(εστέρας)

έστερ

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

aldehyde

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(αλδεΰδες (aldeïdes))

αλδεΰδη (aldeïde)

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

alcohol

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(αλκοόλες)

αλκοόλη

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

ketone

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(κετονική ένωση)

κετόνη

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

oxidation-reduction

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/ˌɑːksɪdˈeɪʃənɹɪdˈʌkʃən/

(αντίδραση οξείδωσης-αναγωγής)

οξείδωση-αναγωγή

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

molarity

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(συγκέντρωση)

μοριακότητα

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

electrolyte

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/ɪ.lɛkt.rɑ.laɪt/ or /i.lekt.raa.lait/

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(ηλεκτρολύτρια)

ηλεκτρολύτης

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

enthalpy

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(ενθαλπικό)

ενθαλπία

a thermodynamic quantity representing the total heat content of a system, commonly denoted as H

entropy

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(η βαθμίδα της αταξίας)

εντροπία

a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S

colloid

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(κολλοειδές)

κολόιδο

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

alkali

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(απορρυπαντική ουσία)

αλκάλιο

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water