Chemistry

reactant

ουσιαστικό

/rɪæk.tənt/ or /riāk.tēnt/

r

r

ea

ɪæ

c

k

t

t

a

ə

n

n

t

t

(αντιδραστική ουσία)

αντιδραστήριο

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

catalyst

ουσιαστικό

/kæ.tə.ləst/ or /kā.tē.lēst/

c

k

a

æ

t

t

a

ə

l

l

y

ə

s

s

t

t

(καταλύτρια)

καταλύτης

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

catalysis

ουσιαστικό

/kæ.tæ.lə.sɪs/ or /kā.tā.lē.sis/

c

k

a

æ

t

t

a

æ

l

l

y

ə

s

s

i

ɪ

s

s

(καταλύτης)

κατάλυση

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

covalent bond

ουσιαστικό

/kˈoʊveɪlənt bˈɑːnd/

(μοριακός δεσμός)

κοινοτικό δεσμό

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

isomer

ουσιαστικό

/aɪ.sə.mɜr/ or /ai.sē.mēr/

i

aɪ

s

s

o

ə

m

m

e

ɜ

r

r

(ισομερής)

ισομερές

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

polymer

ουσιαστικό

/pɑ.lə.mɜr/ or /paa.lē.mēr/

p

p

o

ɑ

l

l

y

ə

m

m

e

ɜ

r

r

(πολυμερική ένωση (polymirikí énosi))

πολύμερές (polýmeres)

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

monomer

ουσιαστικό

/mɑ.nə.mɜr/ or /maa.nē.mēr/

m

m

o

ɑ

n

n

o

ə

m

m

e

ɜ

r

r

(μονάδα)

μονόμερές

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

hydrocarbon

ουσιαστικό

/haɪd.roʊ.kɑr.bən/ or /haid.rooo.kaar.bēn/

h

h

y

aɪ

d

d

r

r

o

oʊ

c

k

a

ɑ

r

r

b

b

o

ə

n

n

(υδρογονικές ενώσεις)

υδρογονάνθρακας

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

ester

ουσιαστικό

/ɛs.tɜr/ or /es.tēr/

e

ɛ

s

s

t

t

e

ɜ

r

r

(εστέρας)

έστερ

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

aldehyde

ουσιαστικό

/æl.dɪ.haɪd/ or /āl.di.haid/

a

æ

l

l

d

d

e

ɪ

h

h

y

aɪ

d

d

e

(αλδεΰδες (aldeïdes))

αλδεΰδη (aldeïde)

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

alcohol

ουσιαστικό

/æl.kə.hɑl/ or /āl.kē.haal/

a

æ

l

l

c

k

o

ə

h

h

o

ɑ

l

l

(αλκοόλες)

αλκοόλη

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

ketone

ουσιαστικό

/ki.toʊn/ or /ki.tooon/

k

k

e

i

t

t

o

oʊ

n

n

e

(κετονική ένωση)

κετόνη

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

oxidation-reduction

ουσιαστικό

/ˌɑːksɪdˈeɪʃənɹɪdˈʌkʃən/

(αντίδραση οξείδωσης-αναγωγής)

οξείδωση-αναγωγή

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

molarity

ουσιαστικό

/moʊ.læ.rɪ.ti/ or /mooo.lā.ri.ti/

m

m

o

oʊ

l

l

a

æ

r

r

i

ɪ

t

t

y

i

(συγκέντρωση)

μοριακότητα

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

electrolyte

ουσιαστικό

/ɪ.lɛkt.rɑ.laɪt/ or /i.lekt.raa.lait/

e

ɪ

l

l

e

ɛ

c

k

t

t

r

r

o

ɑ

l

l

y

aɪ

t

t

e

(ηλεκτρολύτρια)

ηλεκτρολύτης

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

colloid

ουσιαστικό

/kɑ.lɔɪd/ or /kaa.lawid/

c

k

o

ɑ

ll

l

oi

ɔɪ

d

d

(κολλοειδές)

κολόιδο

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

alkali

ουσιαστικό

/æl.kə.laɪ/ or /āl.kē.lai/

a

æ

l

l

k

k

a

ə

l

l

i

aɪ

(απορρυπαντική ουσία)

αλκάλιο

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

ammonia

ουσιαστικό

/ə.moʊn.jə/ or /ē.mooon.yē/

a

ə

mm

m

o

oʊ

n

n

i

j

a

ə

(αμμωνιακός)

αμμωνία

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

alloy

ουσιαστικό

/æ.lɔɪ/ or /ā.lawi/

a

æ

ll

l

o

ɔ

y

ɪ

(σύνθετος μέταλλος)

κράμα

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

halogen

ουσιαστικό

/hæ.lə.ʤən/ or /hā.lē.jēn/

h

h

a

æ

l

l

o

ə

g

ʤ

e

ə

n

n

(Χημικό στοιχείο της ομάδας 17)

Χλωρίδιο

a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

isotope

ουσιαστικό

/aɪ.sə.toʊp/ or /ai.sē.tooop/

i

aɪ

s

s

o

ə

t

t

o

oʊ

p

p

e

(ισοτοπία)

ισότοπο

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

noble gas

ουσιαστικό

/nˈoʊbəl ɡˈæs/

(αργόντως αέριο)

ευγενές αέριο

any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

emulsion

ουσιαστικό

/ɪ.məl.ʃən/ or /i.mēl.shēn/

e

ɪ

m

m

u

ə

l

l

s

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(μίγμα λιπαρών ουσιών)

εμίλσιον

a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water

half-life

ουσιαστικό

/hˈæf lˈaɪf/

(χρόνος ημι-ζωής)

ημιζωή

the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions

depleted uranium

ουσιαστικό

/dɪplˈiːɾᵻd jʊɹˈeɪniəm/

(απουρανιοποιημένο ουράνιο)

εξαντλημένο ουράνιο

a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding

solvent

ουσιαστικό

/sɑl.vənt/ or /saal.vēnt/

s

s

o

ɑ

l

l

v

v

e

ə

n

n

t

t

(διάλυμα)

διαλύτης

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

charged

επίθετο

/ʧɑrʤd/ or /chaarjd/

ch

ʧ

a

ɑ

r

r

g

ʤ

e

d

d

(φορτισμένος)

χρεωμένος

having an electric charge