Biology

lysosome

ουσιαστικό

/laɪ.soʊ.soʊm/ or /lai.sooo.sooom/

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(σωμάτιο λύσης (somátio lýsis))

λύσος (lýsos)

a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

mitochondrion

ουσιαστικό

/maɪ.tə.kɑnd.riən/ or /mai.tē.kaand.riēn/

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(μιτοχόνδρια)

μιτοχόνδριο

an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production

chloroplast

ουσιαστικό

/klɔ.rəp.læst/ or /klaw.rēp.lāst/

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(χλωροπλάστη)

χλωροπλάστης

a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis

nucleotide

ουσιαστικό

/nuk.liə.taɪd/ or /nook.liē.taid/

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(νουκλεοσάκχαρο)

νουκλεοτίδιο

a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

polypeptide

ουσιαστικό

/pɑ.li.pɛp.taɪd/ or /paa.li.pep.taid/

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(πολυπεπτιδικό μόριο)

πολυπεπτίδιο

a linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein

organelle

ουσιαστικό

/ɔ:r.gə.nɛl/ or /awr.gē.nel/

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(οργανέλαιο)

οργανίδιο

a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

vacuole

ουσιαστικό

/væ.kju:oʊl/ or /vā.kyoooool/

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(κολόβωμα)

βακτήριο

a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

centriole

ουσιαστικό

/sɛnt.rɪoʊl/ or /sent.rioool/

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(κεντρίνιο)

κεντρίολο

a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle

histone

ουσιαστικό

/hɪs.toʊn/ or /his.tooon/

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(ιστοσώμα)

ιστόνη

a type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin

telomere

ουσιαστικό

/tɛ.lə.mir/ or /te.lē.mir/

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(τελος)

τελομέρα

a repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development

phenotype

ουσιαστικό

/fi.nə.taɪp/ or /fi.nē.taip/

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(φαινοτύπημα)

φαινότυπος

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

homeostasis

ουσιαστικό

/hoʊ.mioʊs.teɪ.səs/ or /hooo.miooos.tei.sēs/

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(σταθερότητα)

ομοιοστασία

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

translation

ουσιαστικό

/træns.leɪ.ʃən/ or /trāns.lei.shēn/

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(μεταγραφή)

μετάφραση

the process by which the information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is converted into a functional product, typically a protein

transcription

ουσιαστικό

/træns.krɪp.ʃən/ or /trāns.krip.shēn/

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(γραφή)

μεταγραφή

the process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule

replication

ουσιαστικό

/rɛp.lə.keɪ.ʃən/ or /rep.lē.kei.shēn/

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(αναπαραγωγή)

αντιγραφή

the process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division

codon

ουσιαστικό

/kɑ:.dɑ:n/ or /kaa.daan/

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(κωδικοποιητικό)

κωδικόνιο

a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process

symbiosis

ουσιαστικό

/sɪm.baɪoʊ.səs/ or /sim.baiooo.sēs/

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(συμφιλίωση)

συμβίωση

a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

ameba

ουσιαστικό

/eɪm.bə/ or /eim.bē/

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(αμέβα)

αμοιβάδα

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

prokaryote

ουσιαστικό

/prɑ:.ka.rɪoʊt/ or /praa.ka.riooot/

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(προκαρυώτης)

προκαρυωτικός

a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea

chlorophyll

ουσιαστικό

/klɔ.rə.fɪl/ or /klaw.rē.fil/

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(Χλωροφύλλιο)

Χλωροφύλλη

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

capsid

ουσιαστικό

/kæp.sɪd/ or /kāp.sid/

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(καψίδα (kapsída))

καψίδιο (kapsídio)

the protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection

eukaryote

ουσιαστικό

/ju:.ka.rɪoʊt/ or /yoo.ka.riooot/

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(ευκαρυωτικός)

ευκαρυώτης

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

ovum

ουσιαστικό

/oʊ.vəm/ or /ooo.vēm/

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(αυγό)

ωάριο

a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote

pepsin

ουσιαστικό

/pɛp.sɪn/ or /pep.sin/

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(ενζύμο πεψίνη)

πεψίνη

an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides

adenosine triphosphate

ουσιαστικό

/ˈædənˌɑːsaɪn tɹˈɪfəsfˌeɪt/

(τριφωσφορική αδενοσίνη)

Αδενοσίνη τριφωσφορική (ΑΤΡ)

a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups

cytoskeleton

ουσιαστικό

/saɪ.təs.kɛ.li.tən/ or /sai.tēs.ke.li.tēn/

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(κυτταρικός σκελετός)

κυτταροσκελετός

a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement