
(τεκτονική επιστήμη)
τεκτονική
the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity

(τεκτονική πλάκα)
πλάκα
a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

(Χαραγμένο (Charagmeno))
Ρήγμα (Rigma)
(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it

(εξάλειψη)
υποβάθμιση
a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

(ισοστασία)
ισοστάσια
the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation

(λιθοσφαιρική δομή)
λιθόσφαιρα
the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates

(ασθενική στοιβάδα)
ασθενόσφαιρα
a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move

(καρστός)
καρστική περιοχή
a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems

(ορθογονία)
ορθολογησία
the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates

(γεώδιον)
γεώδης
a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities

(κιμβερλίτης πέτρωμα)
κιμβερλίτης
a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining

(παγετώδης διαδικασία)
παγετώδης εποχή
the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms

(παγετώδης λάσπη)
μορφωτικός τόπος
a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus

(υποκοριστικό (ypokoristikó))
δραμλίν (dramlin)
a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement

(ηφαιστειακή κατάθλιψη)
καλντέρα
a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

(διαγενετική)
διαγένεση
the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock

(μεταμορφωτική διαδικασία)
μεταμόρφωση
a complete change in the form and structure of a rock as a result of heat and pressure

(ιζηματογένεση)
καθίζηση
the process by which particles settle out of a liquid or gas due to gravity, forming a sediment layer

(ρήγμα)
σφάλμα
the movement or displacement along a fracture in the Earth's crust, resulting from tectonic forces, which can lead to earthquakes

(υδροφορία)
υδροφόρος ορίζοντας
a layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater

(συμπαγής μάζα)
συμπύκνωση
a hard lump or mass formed in sedimentary rock by natural cementing processes

(πλουτών)
πλουτώνας
a large body of igneous rock formed beneath the Earth's surface from magma that has cooled and solidified

(Δίπλωση)
Καμπύλωση
(in geology) the bending or deformation of rock layers due to compressional forces

(λάχαρος)
λαγάρ
a fast-moving mixture of volcanic ash, debris, and water

(καταβαθμιστική διαδικασία)
καθίζηση
the process during which a building or piece of land sinks to a lower level or to the ground

(παρέμβαση)
εισβολή
(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground

(μήτρα (για γεωλογία))
μήτρα
(geology) the fine-grained material surrounding larger rock fragments or grains within a sedimentary rock

(μαγματικός)
ιλυαμώδης
(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava
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