Κοινωνικές επιστήμες

bureaucracy

ουσιαστικό

/bjʊ.rɑk.rə.si/ or /byoo.raak.rē.si/

b

b

u

jʊ

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eau

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(διοικητική δομή)

γραφειοκρατία

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

agency

ουσιαστικό

/eɪ.ʤən.si/ or /ei.jēn.si/

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(ικανότητα)

αναγκαιότητα

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

clan

ουσιαστικό

/klæn/ or /klān/

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(φυλής)

γένους

a large group of people who are related to each other

chiefdom

ουσιαστικό

/ʧif.dəm/ or /chif.dēm/

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(ηγέσια)

αρχηγία

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

collective

ουσιαστικό

/kə.lɛk.tɪv/ or /kē.lek.tiv/

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(συλλογικό)

συλλογικότητα

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

to census

ρήμα

/sɛn.səs/ or /sen.sēs/

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ə

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(απογραφή)

καταμετρώ

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

status quo

ουσιαστικό

/stˈæɾəs kwˈoʊ/

(στάδιο παραμονής)

κατάσταση υπάρχοντος

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

industrialization

ουσιαστικό

/ɪn.dəst.riə.lɪ.zeɪ.ʃən/ or /in.dēst.riē.li.zei.shēn/

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ia

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(βιομηχανική ανάπτυξη)

εκβιομηχάνιση

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

militant

επίθετο

/mɪ.lə.tənt/ or /mi.lē.tēnt/

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(στρατηγικός)

μάχιμος

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

nonconformity

ουσιαστικό

/ˌnɑnkənˈfɔɹməti/

(ανορθοδοξία)

μη συμμόρφωση

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

progressive

επίθετο

/prəg.rɛ.sɪv/ or /prēg.re.siv/

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(προοδευτική)

προοδευτικός

supporting and encouraging positive change and advancement

socialization

ουσιαστικό

/soʊ.ʃə.lɪ.zeɪ.ʃən/ or /sooo.shē.li.zei.shēn/

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o

oʊ

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ia

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(κοινωνική μάθηση)

κοινωνικοποίηση

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

civilization

ουσιαστικό

/sɪ.və.lɪ.zeɪ.ʃən/ or /si.vē.li.zei.shēn/

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s

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(πολιτεία)

πολιτισμός

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civil right

ουσιαστικό

/sˈɪvəl ɹˈaɪt/

(αστικό δικαίωμα)

πολιτικό δικαίωμα

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

socioeconomic

επίθετο

/soʊ.sioʊɛk.nɑ.mɪk/ or /sooo.sioooek.naa.mik/

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s

o

oʊ

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ioe

ioʊɛ

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(κοινωνικοοικονομική)

κοινωνικοοικονομικός

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

urbanization

ουσιαστικό

/ɜr.bə.nə.zeɪ.ʃən/ or /ēr.bē.nē.zei.shēn/

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ɜ

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(χωροταξική ανάπτυξη)

αστικοποίηση

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

aristocracy

ουσιαστικό

/ɛ.rəs.tɑk.rə.si/ or /e.rēs.taak.rē.si/

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(ευγενείς)

αριστοκρατία

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

royalty

ουσιαστικό

/rɔɪəl.ti/ or /rawiēl.ti/

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(βασιλική οικογένεια)

βασιλιάδες και βασίλισσες

kings and queens and any member of their families

infrastructure

ουσιαστικό

/ɪnf.rə.strək.ʧɜr/ or /inf.rē.strēk.chēr/

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(υποδομές)

υποδομή

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

utopian

επίθετο

/ju.toʊ.piən/ or /yoo.tooo.piēn/

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ju

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t

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oʊ

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ia

iə

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(ιδεώδης)

ουτοπικός

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

civil disobedience

ουσιαστικό

/sˈɪvəl dˌɪsoʊbˈiːdiəns/

(πολιτική ανυποταγή)

πολιτική ανυπακοή

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

outcast

ουσιαστικό

/aʊt.kæst/ or /aoot.kāst/

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(αποκληρός)

παρίας

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

refugee

ουσιαστικό

/rɛ.fju.ʤi/ or /re.fyoo.ji/

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(φυγάς)

πρόσφυγας

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

indigenous

επίθετο

/ɪn.dɪ.ʤə.nəs/ or /in.di.jē.nēs/

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(εντόπιος)

ιθαγενής

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

humble

επίθετο

/həm.bəl/ or /hēm.bēl/

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(μετριος)

ταπεινός

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

to assimilate

ρήμα

/ə.sɪ.mə.leɪt/ or /ē.si.mē.leit/

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ə

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(ενσωματώνω)

αφομοιώνω

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

commune

ουσιαστικό

/kɑ.mjun/ or /kaa.myoon/

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(Δήμος)

Κοινότητα

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

parish

ουσιαστικό

/pæ.rɪʃ/ or /pā.rish/

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ʃ

(Πανεπιστήμιο)

Ενορία

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

cosmopolitan

επίθετο

/kɑz.mə.pɑ.lə.tən/ or /kaaz.mē.paa.lē.tēn/

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(παγκόσμιος)

κοσμοπολίτικος

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

humanitarian

επίθετο

/hju.mæ.nə.tɛ.riən/ or /hyoo.mā.nē.te.riēn/

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h

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(ανθρωπιστικός οργανωτικός)

ανθρωπιστικός

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

classist

επίθετο

/klæ.sɪst/ or /klā.sist/

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(ταξικός)

κλασικιστικός

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

caste

ουσιαστικό

/kæst/ or /kāst/

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æ

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(κατηγορία)

κάστρο

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

echelon

ουσιαστικό

/ɛ.ʃə.lɑn/ or /e.shē.laan/

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(τάξη)

κλίμακα

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

station

ουσιαστικό

/steɪ.ʃən/ or /stei.shēn/

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(θέση)

στάθμη

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society