Biology

culture

ουσιαστικό

/kʌl.ʧər/ or /kal.chēr/

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(κουλτούρα)

καλλιέργεια

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

metabolism

ουσιαστικό

/mə.tæ.bə.lɪ.zəm/ or /mē.tā.bē.li.zēm/

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(μεταβολή)

μεταβολισμός

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

specimen

ουσιαστικό

/spɛ.sə.mən/ or /spe.sē.mēn/

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(ώριμα (orima))

δειγμα (deigma)

a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination

strain

ουσιαστικό

/streɪn/ or /strein/

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eɪ

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(παραλλαγή)

στέλεχος

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

to excrete

ρήμα

/ɪksk.rit/ or /iksk.rit/

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(αποβάλλω)

εκκρίνω

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

eukaryote

ουσιαστικό

/ju:.ka.rɪoʊt/ or /yoo.ka.riooot/

eu

ju:

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ɪ

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oʊ

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(ευκαρυωτικός)

ευκαρυώτης

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

asexual reproduction

ουσιαστικό

/eɪsˈɛkʃuːəl ɹɪpɹədˈʌkʃən/

(μονήρη αναπαραγωγή)

ασεξουαλική αναπαραγωγή

a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism

meiosis

ουσιαστικό

/maɪoʊss/ or /maioooss/

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eio

aɪoʊ

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i

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(μείωσις)

μείωση

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

mitosis

ουσιαστικό

/maɪ.toʊ.sɪs/ or /mai.tooo.sis/

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oʊ

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ɪ

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(διχοτόμηση)

μείωση

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

interphase

ουσιαστικό

/ɪn.tər.feɪz/ or /in.tēr.feiz/

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ɪ

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(διάστημα ενδιάμεσο)

μεσοφάση

the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions

prophase

ουσιαστικό

/proʊ.feɪz/ or /prooo.feiz/

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ɑ:

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(προφάση μιτωτικής διαίρεσης)

προφάση

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

metaphase

ουσιαστικό

/mɛ.tə.feɪz/ or /me.tē.feiz/

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ə

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(μεταφάση)

μετάφαση

the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs along the equator of the cell, preparing for their separation into haploid daughter cells

anaphase

ουσιαστικό

/æ.na.feɪz/ or /ā.na.feiz/

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(αναφασική φάση)

αναφάση

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

telophase

ουσιαστικό

/tɛ.lə.feɪz/ or /te.lē.feiz/

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(τελοφασική φάση)

τελοφάση

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

to biodegrade

ρήμα

/baɪoʊ.dɪg.reɪd/ or /baiooo.dig.reid/

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aɪoʊ

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eɪ

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(βιοαποικοδομώ)

βιοδιασπώ

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biomolecule

ουσιαστικό

/baɪoʊ.mɑ.lə.kjul/ or /baiooo.maa.lē.kyool/

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aɪoʊ

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(βιολογικό μόριο)

βιομόριο

any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

bioinformatics

ουσιαστικό

/baɪoʊ.ɪn.fɜr.mæ.tɪks/ or /baiooo.in.fēr.mā.tiks/

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ioi

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(βιοinformática)

βιοπληροφορική

a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data

biocompatible

επίθετο

/baɪoʊ.kəm.pæ.tə.bəl/ or /baiooo.kēm.pā.tē.bēl/

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aɪoʊ

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(βιοσυμβατότητα)

βιοσυμβατός

not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems

biometrics

ουσιαστικό

/baɪoʊ.mɛt.rɪks/ or /baiooo.met.riks/

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(βιοστατιστική)

βιομετρία

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

mucus

ουσιαστικό

/mju.kəs/ or /myoo.kēs/

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ju

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ə

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(μύξα)

βλέννα

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

microbiology

ουσιαστικό

/maɪk.roʊ.baɪɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /maik.rooo.baiaa.lē.ji/

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(Μικροβιολογίας)

Μικροβιολογία

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

virion

ουσιαστικό

/vɪ.riən/ or /vi.riēn/

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io

iə

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n

(ιϊον)

ιός

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

conditioning

ουσιαστικό

/kən.dɪ.ʃə.nɪng/ or /kēn.di.shē.ning/

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(εκπαίδευση)

κατάσταση

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

biomimicry

ουσιαστικό

/baɪoʊ.mɪ.mɪk.ri/ or /baiooo.mi.mik.ri/

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(βιομίμηση)

βιομιμητισμός

an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

gamete

ουσιαστικό

/gæ.mit/ or /gā.mit/

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(γαμετοκύτταρο)

γκαμέτης

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

microbiome

ουσιαστικό

/maɪk.roʊ.bɪoʊm/ or /maik.rooo.biooom/

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oʊ

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(μικροβιακή κοινότητα)

μικροβίωμα

the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

anthropogenic

επίθετο

/ænθ.rə.pə.ʤɛ.nɪk/ or /ānth.rē.pē.je.nik/

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(ανθρωποκεντρικός)

ανθρωπογενής

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

ecotourism

ουσιαστικό

/ɛ.koʊ.tʊ.rɪ.zəm/ or /e.kooo.too.ri.zēm/

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ɛ

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(φιλικός προς το περιβάλλον τουρισμός)

οικοτουρισμός

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

motility

ουσιαστικό

/moʊ.tɪ.lɪ.ti/ or /mooo.ti.li.ti/

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(μετακινητικότητα)

κινητικότητα

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

protist

ουσιαστικό

/prɑ:.tɪst/ or /praa.tist/

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(μονοκύτταρος οργανισμός)

πρωτίστας

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

homologous

επίθετο

/hɑ.mɑ.lə.gəs/ or /haa.maa.lē.gēs/

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(ομολογητικός)

ομόλογος

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

bioluminescence

ουσιαστικό

/baɪoʊ.lu.mə.nɛs.əns/ or /baiooo.loo.mē.nes.ēns/

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aɪoʊ

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(βιοφωτεινότητα)

βιοφωτισμός

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

hydroid

ουσιαστικό

/haɪd.rɔɪd/ or /haid.rawid/

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aɪ

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ɔɪ

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(υδροειδές)

υδροφυτό

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

transdifferentiation

ουσιαστικό

/træns.dɪ.fə.rɛn.ʃɪeɪ.ʃən/ or /trāns.di.fē.ren.shiei.shēn/

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ia

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(μεταμορφοποίηση)

μεταδιαφοροποίηση

the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type

mycelium

ουσιαστικό

/maɪ.si:.liəm/ or /mai.si.liēm/

m

m

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aɪ

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i:

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(μυκηλιακό δίκτυο)

μυκήλιο

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

mutualist

επίθετο

/mju:.ʧu:ə.lɪst/ or /myoo.chooē.list/

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(συμβιωτικοί (symviotikoí))

αμοιβαίοι (amoivaiíoi)

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

commensal

επίθετο

/kə.mɛn.səl/ or /kē.men.sēl/

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(συμβιωτικός)

κοινοί

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

mycorrhiza

ουσιαστικό

/maɪ.kər.aɪ.zə/ or /mai.kēr.ai.zē/

m

m

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aɪ

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(μυκορριζική)

μυκόρριζα

a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

to assimilate

ρήμα

/ə.sɪ.mə.leɪt/ or /ē.si.mē.leit/

a

ə

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ɪ

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(ενσωματώνω)

αφομοιώνω

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

spore

ουσιαστικό

/spɔr/ or /spawr/

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(σποριό)

σπόρος

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

biomass

ουσιαστικό

/baɪoʊ.mæs/ or /baiooo.mās/

b

b

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aɪə

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m

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æ

ss

s

(βιομάζα οργανισμών)

βιομάζα

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

taxonomic

επίθετο

/tæk.sə.nɑ:.mɪk/ or /tāk.sē.naa.mik/

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æ

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(φορολογικός)

ταξινομικός

related to how living things are categorized based on their similarities

petri dish

ουσιαστικό

/pˈɛtɹi dˈɪʃ/

(πλάκα καλλιέργειας)

πετροφόρος πλάκα

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

cosmology

ουσιαστικό

/kɔz.mɔ.lə.ʤi/ or /kawz.maw.lē.ji/

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ɔ

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(κοσμολογική επιστήμη)

κοσμολογία

the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end

virulent

επίθετο

/vɪ.rə.lənt/ or /vi.rē.lēnt/

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ɪ

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ə

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(καταστροφικός)

μολυσματικός

(of a disease) able to make one sick

decomposition

ουσιαστικό

/ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən/, /ˌdikəmpoʊˈzɪʃən/

(διάσπαση)

αποσύνθεση

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

substrate

ουσιαστικό

/səbs.treɪt/ or /sēbs.treit/

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s

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ə

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eɪ

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(υπόβαθρο)

υπόστρωμα

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

excitatory

επίθετο

/ɛks.ɪ.tə.to:.ri/ or /eks.i.tē.to.ri/

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ɛ

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(ενεργοποιητικός)

διεγερτικός

capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism

fission yeast

ουσιαστικό

/fˈɪʃən jˈiːst/

(ζυμωτικός οργανισμός διαχωρισμού)

διαχωριστικός ζυμός

a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism

adaptation

ουσιαστικό

/æ.dəp.teɪ.ʃən/ or /ā.dēp.tei.shēn/

a

æ

d

d

a

ə

p

p

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eɪ

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ʃ

io

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n

(εξέλιξη)

προσαρμογή

the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

ameba

ουσιαστικό

/eɪm.bə/ or /eim.bē/

a

eɪ

m

m

e

b

b

a

ə

(αμέβα)

αμοιβάδα

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

physiologist

ουσιαστικό

/fɪ.ziɑ.lə.ʤɪst/ or /fi.ziaa.lē.jist/

ph

f

y

ɪ

s

z

io

iɑ

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l

o

ə

g

ʤ

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ɪ

s

s

t

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(βιοφυσιολόγος)

φυσιολόγος

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels