Geology

bedrock

ουσιαστικό

/bɛd.rɑk/ or /bed.raak/

b

b

e

e

d

d

r

r

o

ɑ

ck

k

(θεμέλιο)

βάθος

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

shale

ουσιαστικό

/ʃeɪl/ or /sheil/

sh

ʃ

a

eɪ

l

l

e

(φελλός)

ασβεστόλιθος

a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers

basalt

ουσιαστικό

/bə.sɔlt/ or /bē.sawlt/

b

b

a

ə

s

s

a

ɔ

l

l

t

t

(βασάλτωμα)

βασάλτης

a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color

index fossil

ουσιαστικό

/ˈɪndɛks fˈɑːsəl/

(δείκτη απολιθωμάτων)

δείκτης απολιθώματα

a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history

intrusion

ουσιαστικό

/ɪnt.ru.ʒən/ or /int.roo.zhēn/

i

ɪ

n

n

t

t

r

r

u

u

s

ʒ

io

ə

n

n

(παρέμβαση)

εισβολή

(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground

igneous

επίθετο

/ɪg.niəs/ or /ig.niēs/

i

ɪ

g

g

n

n

eou

iə

s

s

(μαγματικός)

ιλυαμώδης

(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava

metamorphic

επίθετο

/mɛ.tə.mɔr.fɪk/ or /me.tē.mawr.fik/

m

m

e

ɛ

t

t

a

ə

m

m

o

ɔ

r

r

ph

f

i

ɪ

c

k

(μεταμορφωμένος)

μεταμορφωτικός

related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture

tectonic

επίθετο

/tɛk.tɑ:.nɪk/ or /tek.taa.nik/

t

t

e

ɛ

c

k

t

t

o

ɑ

n

n

i

ɪ

c

k

(γεωλογικός)

τεκτονικός

relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust

to smelt

ρήμα

/smɛlt/ or /smelt/

s

s

m

m

e

ɛ

l

l

t

t

(εξαγωγή μεταλλεύματος)

λιώσιμο

to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace

slag

ουσιαστικό

/slæg/ or /slāg/

s

s

l

l

a

æ

g

g

(απορρίμματα)

σκωρία

the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities

mesozoic

ουσιαστικό

/mɛ.sə.zoʊɪk/ or /me.sē.zoooik/

m

m

e

ɛ

s

s

o

ə

z

z

oi

oʊɪ

c

k

(μεσοζωικός χρόνος)

μεσοζωική περίοδος

the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea

olivine

ουσιαστικό

/ɑ.lə.vin/ or /aa.lē.vin/

o

ɑ

l

l

i

ə

v

v

i

i

n

n

e

(ολιβινίτης)

ολιβίνη

a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content

pyroxene

ουσιαστικό

/paɪ.rɑk.sin/ or /pai.raak.sin/

p

p

y

aɪ

r

r

o

ɑ

x

ks

e

i

n

n

e

(πυροξενίτης)

πυροξένιο

a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron

feldspar

ουσιαστικό

/fɛld.spɑr/ or /feld.spaar/

f

f

e

ɛ

l

l

d

d

s

s

p

p

a

ɑ

r

r

(σανιδάτης)

ορθοκλάσση

a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking

argillite

ουσιαστικό

/ɑ:r.ʤɪl.laɪt/ or /aar.jil.lait/

a

ɑ:

r

r

g

g

i

ɪ

ll

l

i

aɪ

t

t

e

(πηλοσειρά)

αργιλίτης

a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material

geologist

ουσιαστικό

/ʤiɑ.lə.ʤəst/ or /jiaa.lē.jēst/

g

ʤ

eo

iɑ

l

l

o

ə

g

ʤ

i

ə

s

s

t

t

(γεωεπιστήμονας)

γεωλόγος

a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena

seismologist

ουσιαστικό

/saɪz.mɑ.lə.ʤəst/ or /saiz.maa.lē.jēst/

s

s

ei

aɪ

s

z

m

m

o

ɑ

l

l

o

ə

g

ʤ

i

ə

s

s

t

t

(σεισμιστής)

σεισμολόγος

a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns

epicenter

ουσιαστικό

/ɛ.pə.sɛn.tɜr/ or /e.pē.sen.tēr/

e

ɛ

p

p

i

ə

c

s

e

ɛ

n

n

t

t

e

ɜ

r

r

(εστία (estía))

επικέντρο (epikéntro)

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

volcanology

ουσιαστικό

/vɑ:l.ka.nɑ:.lə.ʤi/ or /vaal.ka.naa.lē.ji/

v

v

o

ɑ:

l

l

c

k

a

a

n

n

o

ɑ:

l

l

o

ə

g

ʤ

y

i

(ηφαιστειολογία (ως κλάδος της γεωλογίας))

ηφαιστειολογία

a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena

caldera

ουσιαστικό

/kæl.dɛ.rə/ or /kāl.de.rē/

c

k

a

æ

l

l

d

d

e

ɛ

r

r

a

ə

(ηφαιστειακή κατάθλιψη)

καλντέρα

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

quartzite

ουσιαστικό

/kwɔ:rt.saɪt/ or /kvawrt.sait/

q

k

u

w

a

ɔ:

r

r

t

t

z

s

i

aɪ

t

t

e

(κρητίδα)

κονιορτός

a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable

geothermal

επίθετο

/ʤioʊ.θɜr.məl/ or /jiooo.thēr.mēl/

g

ʤ

eo

ioʊ

th

θ

e

ɜ

r

r

m

m

a

ə

l

l

(γεωθερμικής ενέργειας)

γεωθερμικός

connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth

basin

ουσιαστικό

/beɪ.sən/ or /bei.sēn/

b

b

a

eɪ

s

s

i

ə

n

n

(λεκάνη απορροής)

λεκάνη

a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits

subduction

ουσιαστικό

/sʌb.dʌk.ʃən/ or /sab.dak.shēn/

s

s

u

ʌ

b

b

d

d

u

ʌ

c

k

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(εξάλειψη)

υποβάθμιση

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

mantle

ουσιαστικό

/mæn.təl/ or /mān.tēl/

m

m

a

æ

n

n

t

t

ə

l

l

e

(μάντεμα)

μανδύας

the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales

kaolinite

ουσιαστικό

/keɪə.lɪ.naɪt/ or /keiē.li.nait/

k

k

ao

eɪə

l

l

i

ɪ

n

n

i

aɪ

t

t

e

(καολινίτης)

καολίνη

a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications