Colombia

Colombia

Brazil

Brazil

Argentina

Argentina

Chile

Chile

Peru

Peru

Bolivia

Bolivia

Ecuador

Ecuador

Paraguay

Paraguay

Uruguay

Uruguay

Venezuela

Venezuela

South America

South America

Colombia - Countries

20 chapters
levelintermediate

Delve into our readings on South America to improve your English skills and uncover the vibrant cultures, fascinating histories, and breathtaking landscapes of

Vocabulary
1.
colony
[n]
/ˈkɑɫəni/
2.
independent
[adj]
/ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt/
3.
hiking
[n]
/ˈhaɪkɪŋ/
4.
coastline
[n]
/ˈkoʊstˌlaɪn/
5.
port
[n]
/pɔrt/
6.
rainforest
[n]
/ˈreɪnˌfɔrɪst/
7.
jungle
[n]
/ˈʤʌŋɡəl/
8.
jaguar
[n]
/ˈʤæɡˌwɑr/ , /ˈʤæɡjuːˌɑr/
9.
national park
[n]
/ˈnæʃənəl ˌpɑrk/
10.
creature
[n]
/ˈkriːʧɚ/
11.
equator
[n]
/ɪˈkweɪtɝ/
12.
average
[adj]
/ˈævərɪdʒ/
13.
coastal
[adj]
/ˈkoʊstəl/
14.
rural
[adj]
/ˈrʊrəl/
15.
accordion
[n]
/əˈkɔrdiən/
16.
salsa
[n]
/ˈsɔɫsə/
17.
square
[n]
/skwɛr/
18.
born
[adj]
/bɔrn/
19.
carnival
[n]
/ˈkɑɹnəvəɫ/
20.
parade
[n]
/pɝˈeɪd/
21.
costume
[n]
/ˈkɑstuːm/ , /ˈkɑstjum/
22.
reflect
[v]
/rɪˈflɛkt/
23.
dish
[n]
/dɪʃ/
24.
corn cake
[n]
/kˈɔːɹn kˈeɪk/
25.
serve
[v]
/sɝːv/
26.
filling
[adj]
/ˈfɪɫɪŋ/
27.
coffee bean
[n]
/kˈɔfi bˈiːn/
28.
grow
[v]
/ɡroʊ/
29.
miss
[v]
/mɪs/
30.
a dream come true
[phrase]
/ɐ dɹˈiːm kˈʌm tɹˈuː/
31.
author
[n]
/ˈɑːθɚ/
32.
literature
[n]
/ˈlɪtərəˌtʃʊr/
33.
magical
[adj]
/ˈmædʒɪkəl/
34.
realism
[n]
/ˈɹiəɫɪzm/
35.
storytelling
[n]
/ˈstɔɹiˌtɛɫɪŋ/
36.
fantasy
[n]
/ˈfæntəsi/
37.
reality
[n]
/ˌɹiˈæɫəˌti/
38.
award
[n]
/əˈwɑrd/
39.
football player
[n]
/fˈʊtbɔːl plˈeɪɚ/
40.
represent
[v]
/ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt/
41.
vibrant
[adj]
/ˈvaɪbrənt/
42.
shade
[n]
/ʃeɪd/
43.
riverbed
[n]
/ˈɹɪvɝˌbɛd/
44.
sight
[n]
/saɪt/
45.
lively
[adj]
/ˈɫaɪvɫi/
46.
diverse
[adj]
/daɪˈvɝs/, /dɪˈvɝs/
47.
stunning
[adj]
/ˈstʌnɪŋ/
48.
landscape
[n]
/ˈlændˌskeɪp/
49.
sense
[n]
/sɛns/
50.
pride
[n]
/ˈpɹaɪd/
51.
plain
[n]
/pleɪn/
52.
welcoming
[adj]
/ˈwɛlkəmɪŋ/
53.
go back
[v]
/ɡˌoʊ bˈæk/
54.
indigenous
[adj]
/ɪnˈdɪʤənəs/
55.
community
[n]
/kəˈmjuːnɪti/
56.
locate
[v]
/ˈɫoʊˌkeɪt/

1.
colony
[n]
/ˈkɑɫəni/
2.
independent
[adj]
/ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt/
3.
hiking
[n]
/ˈhaɪkɪŋ/
4.
coastline
[n]
/ˈkoʊstˌlaɪn/
5.
port
[n]
/pɔrt/
6.
rainforest
[n]
/ˈreɪnˌfɔrɪst/
7.
jungle
[n]
/ˈʤʌŋɡəl/
8.
jaguar
[n]
/ˈʤæɡˌwɑr/ , /ˈʤæɡjuːˌɑr/
9.
national park
[n]
/ˈnæʃənəl ˌpɑrk/
10.
creature
[n]
/ˈkriːʧɚ/
11.
equator
[n]
/ɪˈkweɪtɝ/
12.
average
[adj]
/ˈævərɪdʒ/
13.
coastal
[adj]
/ˈkoʊstəl/
14.
rural
[adj]
/ˈrʊrəl/
15.
accordion
[n]
/əˈkɔrdiən/
16.
salsa
[n]
/ˈsɔɫsə/
17.
square
[n]
/skwɛr/
18.
born
[adj]
/bɔrn/
19.
carnival
[n]
/ˈkɑɹnəvəɫ/
20.
parade
[n]
/pɝˈeɪd/
21.
costume
[n]
/ˈkɑstuːm/ , /ˈkɑstjum/
22.
reflect
[v]
/rɪˈflɛkt/
23.
dish
[n]
/dɪʃ/
24.
corn cake
[n]
/kˈɔːɹn kˈeɪk/
25.
serve
[v]
/sɝːv/
26.
filling
[adj]
/ˈfɪɫɪŋ/
27.
coffee bean
[n]
/kˈɔfi bˈiːn/
28.
grow
[v]
/ɡroʊ/
29.
miss
[v]
/mɪs/
30.
a dream come true
[phrase]
/ɐ dɹˈiːm kˈʌm tɹˈuː/
31.
author
[n]
/ˈɑːθɚ/
32.
literature
[n]
/ˈlɪtərəˌtʃʊr/
33.
magical
[adj]
/ˈmædʒɪkəl/
34.
realism
[n]
/ˈɹiəɫɪzm/
35.
storytelling
[n]
/ˈstɔɹiˌtɛɫɪŋ/
36.
fantasy
[n]
/ˈfæntəsi/
37.
reality
[n]
/ˌɹiˈæɫəˌti/
38.
award
[n]
/əˈwɑrd/
39.
football player
[n]
/fˈʊtbɔːl plˈeɪɚ/
40.
represent
[v]
/ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt/
41.
vibrant
[adj]
/ˈvaɪbrənt/
42.
shade
[n]
/ʃeɪd/
43.
riverbed
[n]
/ˈɹɪvɝˌbɛd/
44.
sight
[n]
/saɪt/
45.
lively
[adj]
/ˈɫaɪvɫi/
46.
diverse
[adj]
/daɪˈvɝs/, /dɪˈvɝs/
47.
stunning
[adj]
/ˈstʌnɪŋ/
48.
landscape
[n]
/ˈlændˌskeɪp/
49.
sense
[n]
/sɛns/
50.
pride
[n]
/ˈpɹaɪd/
51.
plain
[n]
/pleɪn/
52.
welcoming
[adj]
/ˈwɛlkəmɪŋ/
53.
go back
[v]
/ɡˌoʊ bˈæk/
54.
indigenous
[adj]
/ɪnˈdɪʤənəs/
55.
community
[n]
/kəˈmjuːnɪti/
56.
locate
[v]
/ˈɫoʊˌkeɪt/
1.
colony
[n]
/ˈkɑɫəni/
colonia
2.
independent
[adj]
/ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt/
independiente
3.
hiking
[n]
/ˈhaɪkɪŋ/
senderismo
4.
coastline
[n]
/ˈkoʊstˌlaɪn/
costa
5.
port
[n]
/pɔrt/
puerto
6.
rainforest
[n]
/ˈreɪnˌfɔrɪst/
bosque lluvioso
7.
jungle
[n]
/ˈʤʌŋɡəl/
selva
8.
jaguar
[n]
/ˈʤæɡˌwɑr/ , /ˈʤæɡjuːˌɑr/
jaguar
9.
national park
[n]
/ˈnæʃənəl ˌpɑrk/
parque nacional
10.
creature
[n]
/ˈkriːʧɚ/
criatura
11.
equator
[n]
/ɪˈkweɪtɝ/
ecuador
12.
average
[adj]
/ˈævərɪdʒ/
medio
13.
coastal
[adj]
/ˈkoʊstəl/
costero
14.
rural
[adj]
/ˈrʊrəl/
rural
15.
accordion
[n]
/əˈkɔrdiən/
acordeón
16.
salsa
[n]
/ˈsɔɫsə/
salsa
17.
square
[n]
/skwɛr/
plaza
18.
born
[adj]
/bɔrn/
nacido
19.
carnival
[n]
/ˈkɑɹnəvəɫ/
carnaval
20.
parade
[n]
/pɝˈeɪd/
a public procession of people or vehicles held to celebrate or mark an event
21.
costume
[n]
/ˈkɑstuːm/ , /ˈkɑstjum/
traje
22.
reflect
[v]
/rɪˈflɛkt/
reflejar
23.
dish
[n]
/dɪʃ/
plato
24.
corn cake
[n]
/kˈɔːɹn kˈeɪk/
pastel de maíz
25.
serve
[v]
/sɝːv/
servir
26.
filling
[adj]
/ˈfɪɫɪŋ/
sustancioso
27.
coffee bean
[n]
/kˈɔfi bˈiːn/
grano de café
28.
grow
[v]
/ɡroʊ/
cultivar
29.
miss
[v]
/mɪs/
perderse
30.
a dream come true
[phrase]
/ɐ dɹˈiːm kˈʌm tɹˈuː/
the fulfillment or realization of a cherished desire or goal, bringing a deep sense of joy and satisfaction
31.
author
[n]
/ˈɑːθɚ/
autor
32.
literature
[n]
/ˈlɪtərəˌtʃʊr/
literatura
33.
magical
[adj]
/ˈmædʒɪkəl/
mágico
34.
realism
[n]
/ˈɹiəɫɪzm/
realismo
35.
storytelling
[n]
/ˈstɔɹiˌtɛɫɪŋ/
narración de cuentos
36.
fantasy
[n]
/ˈfæntəsi/
fantasía
37.
reality
[n]
/ˌɹiˈæɫəˌti/
realidad
38.
award
[n]
/əˈwɑrd/
premio
39.
football player
[n]
/fˈʊtbɔːl plˈeɪɚ/
jugador de fútbol
40.
represent
[v]
/ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt/
representar
41.
vibrant
[adj]
/ˈvaɪbrənt/
vibrante
42.
shade
[n]
/ʃeɪd/
tono
43.
riverbed
[n]
/ˈɹɪvɝˌbɛd/
lecho del río
44.
sight
[n]
/saɪt/
vista
45.
lively
[adj]
/ˈɫaɪvɫi/
emocionante
46.
diverse
[adj]
/daɪˈvɝs/, /dɪˈvɝs/
diverso
47.
stunning
[adj]
/ˈstʌnɪŋ/
impresionante
48.
landscape
[n]
/ˈlændˌskeɪp/
paisaje
49.
sense
[n]
/sɛns/
sentido
50.
pride
[n]
/ˈpɹaɪd/
orgullo
51.
plain
[n]
/pleɪn/
llanura
52.
welcoming
[adj]
/ˈwɛlkəmɪŋ/
cordial
53.
go back
[v]
/ɡˌoʊ bˈæk/
remontarse
54.
indigenous
[adj]
/ɪnˈdɪʤənəs/
indígena
55.
community
[n]
/kəˈmjuːnɪti/
comunidad
56.
locate
[v]
/ˈɫoʊˌkeɪt/
situarse

1

capítulo

star
Colombia 
Read a passage about a country known for its stunning landscapes, rich coffee culture, and vibrant traditions. 

A Journey Through Colombia 

1.1
Colombia is a lively and diverse country in South America.  It has a rich culture, stunning landscapes, and a strong sense of national pride.  Covering over 1.1 million square kilometers, Colombia is home to about 50 million people.  Its land includes mountains, beaches, rainforests, and plains, making it one of the most exciting places to visit.  Colombia's history, music, and art are known around the world, and the people are famous for being warm and welcoming. 

Colombia es un país animado y diverso en América del Sur. Tiene una cultura rica, paisajes impresionantes y un fuerte sentido de orgullo nacional. Con más de 1.1 millones de kilómetros cuadrados, Colombia alberga a unos 50 millones de personas. Su territorio incluye montañas, playas, selvas tropicales y llanuras, lo que lo convierte en uno de los lugares más emocionantes para visitar. La historia, la música y el arte de Colombia son conocidos en todo el mundo, y su gente es famosa por ser cálida y acogedora.

ThumbnailPhoto

History of Colombia 

1.2
The history of Colombia goes back many years.  A long time ago, indigenous groups like the Muisca and Tairona lived there.  They built strong communities before the Spanish arrived.  "Christopher Columbus" arrived in South America in the 16th century, and Colombia is named after him.  For many years, Colombia was a Spanish colony.  It became independent from Spain in 1810.  A famous leader of the independence movement was "Simón Bolívar."  He helped Colombia and other countries in South America become free from Spain. 

La historia de Colombia se remonta a muchos años. Hace mucho tiempo, grupos indígenas como los muiscas y taironas vivían allí. Construyeron comunidades fuertes antes de la llegada de los españoles. Cristóbal Colón llegó a Sudamérica en el siglo XVI, y Colombia lleva su nombre. Durante muchos años, Colombia fue una colonia española. Se independizó de España en 1810. Un líder famoso del movimiento independentista fue Simón Bolívar. Él ayudó a Colombia y otros países de Sudamérica a liberarse de España.

Geography and Weather 

1.3
Colombia has many different types of land.  The Andes mountains run through the country.  These mountains are great for hiking and exploring.  The highest mountain in Colombia is "Pico Cristóbal Colón," which is 5,775 meters tall.  Colombia has two coastlines: one on the Caribbean Sea and one on the Pacific Ocean.  These areas have beautiful beaches, and the ports are important for trade. 

Colombia tiene muchos tipos diferentes de terrenos. Las montañas de los Andes atraviesan el país. Estas montañas son excelentes para hacer senderismo y explorar. La montaña más alta de Colombia es el 'Pico Cristóbal Colón', que tiene 5.775 metros de altura. Colombia tiene dos costas: una en el mar Caribe y otra en el océano Pacífico. Estas áreas tienen hermosas playas, y los puertos son importantes para el comercio.

1.4
The Amazon rainforest also covers a large part of Colombia.  This jungle is home to many animals like jaguars, monkeys, and even pink dolphins.  If you love nature, you can visit one of the national parks to see these amazing creatures. 

La selva amazónica también cubre una gran parte de Colombia. Esta jungla alberga muchos animales como jaguares, monos e incluso delfines rosados. Si amas la naturaleza, puedes visitar uno de los parques nacionales para ver estas increíbles criaturas.

1.5
The weather in Colombia is also very different in each area.  Because Colombia is near the equator, the temperature stays the same all year.  In Bogotá, the capital city, the weather is cool.  The average temperature is around 15 degrees Celsius.  But in coastal cities like Cartagena, it is much warmer.  The average temperature there is about 30 degrees Celsius. 

El clima en Colombia también es muy diferente en cada área. Debido a que Colombia está cerca del ecuador, la temperatura se mantiene igual todo el año. En Bogotá, la capital, el clima es fresco. La temperatura promedio es de alrededor de 15 grados Celsius. Pero en ciudades costeras como Cartagena, es mucho más cálido. La temperatura promedio allí es de unos 30 grados Celsius.

Colombian Culture: Music and Dance 

1.6
Colombia has a rich and exciting culture.  Music and dance are a big part of life in Colombia.  One of the most famous types of music in Colombia is Cumbia.  Cumbia is a mix of African, Indigenous, and Spanish music.  You can hear Cumbia at parties and festivals all over the country.  Another popular style of music is Vallenato.  This music comes from the rural areas in the north of Colombia.  It uses the accordion, which gives it a special sound. 

Colombia tiene una cultura rica y emocionante. La música y el baile son una gran parte de la vida en Colombia. Uno de los tipos de música más famosos en Colombia es la Cumbia. La Cumbia es una mezcla de música africana, indígena y española. Puedes escuchar Cumbia en fiestas y festivales de todo el país. Otro estilo popular de música es el Vallenato. Esta música proviene de las zonas rurales del norte de Colombia. Utiliza el acordeón, lo que le da un sonido especial.

1.7
Dance is also very important in Colombia.  Salsa dancing is very popular.  The city of Cali is called the "Salsa Capital of the World."  In this city, people of all ages love to dance to fast salsa music.  You can see people dancing in the streets or squares—it is like they were born with rhythm in their bones! 

El baile también es muy importante en Colombia. El baile de salsa es muy popular. La ciudad de Cali es llamada la "Capital Mundial de la Salsa". En esta ciudad, a personas de todas las edades les encanta bailar al ritmo de la música salsa rápida. Puedes ver a la gente bailando en las calles o plazas—¡es como si hubieran nacido con el ritmo en los huesos!

1.8
Colombia is also famous for its colorful festivals.  One of the biggest events is the Barranquilla Carnival.  This carnival is full of music, parades, and people wearing bright costumes.  It is one of the largest carnivals in the world. 

Colombia también es famosa por sus coloridos festivales. Uno de los eventos más grandes es el Carnaval de Barranquilla. Este carnaval está lleno de música, desfiles y personas vistiendo trajes brillantes. Es uno de los carnavales más grandes del mundo.

Colombian Food 

1.9
Colombian food is delicious and reflects the country's many different regions.  One popular dish is "arepas."  These are corn cakes that are often served with cheese, eggs, or meat.  Colombians eat arepas at any time of the day.  You can find them in almost every city and restaurant. 

La comida colombiana es deliciosa y refleja las muchas regiones diferentes del país. Un plato popular son las "arepas". Son tortas de maíz que a menudo se sirven con queso, huevos o carne. Los colombianos comen arepas en cualquier momento del día. Puedes encontrarlas en casi todas las ciudades y restaurantes.

1.10
Another famous dish is "bandeja paisa."  It comes from the Antioquia region.  Bandeja paisa is a big meal with rice, beans, pork, plantain, avocado, and a fried egg.  It is very filling and tasty. 

Otro plato famoso es la "bandeja paisa". Proviene de la región de Antioquia. La bandeja paisa es una comida abundante con arroz, frijoles, cerdo, plátano, aguacate y un huevo frito. Es muy llenadora y sabrosa.

1.11
Colombia is also famous for its coffee.  The country grows some of the best coffee beans in the world.  The coffee farms in Colombia are located in the mountains, and the climate there is perfect for growing coffee.  Many people around the world enjoy Colombian coffee every day.  If you ever visit Colombia, do not miss the chance to enjoy coffee fresh from the source—it is like a dream come true for coffee lovers! 

Colombia también es famosa por su café. El país cultiva algunos de los mejores granos de café del mundo. Las fincas de café en Colombia están ubicadas en las montañas, y el clima allí es perfecto para el cultivo del café. Muchas personas alrededor del mundo disfrutan del café colombiano todos los días. Si alguna vez visitas Colombia, no pierdas la oportunidad de disfrutar del café fresco directamente de la fuente—¡es como un sueño hecho realidad para los amantes del café!

Colombian People and Language 

1.12
The people of Colombia are very friendly and welcoming.  They often say that their doors are always open, meaning they are happy to welcome guests.  The official language of Colombia is Spanish.  However, many indigenous languages are also spoken in the country.  In some areas, people speak these languages, but Spanish is used everywhere. 

La gente de Colombia es muy amigable y acogedora. A menudo dicen que sus puertas siempre están abiertas, lo que significa que están felices de recibir invitados. El idioma oficial de Colombia es el español. Sin embargo, también se hablan muchas lenguas indígenas en el país. En algunas áreas, la gente habla estos idiomas, pero el español se usa en todas partes.

1.13
Many young Colombians are learning English in schools, and more tourists are visiting the country each year.  Colombians are proud of their culture, and they love to share it with others. 

Muchos jóvenes colombianos están aprendiendo inglés en las escuelas, y cada año más turistas visitan el país. Los colombianos están orgullosos de su cultura y les encanta compartirla con los demás.

ThumbnailPhoto

Famous Colombians 

1.14
Colombia has many famous people who are known around the world.  "Gabriel García Márquez" is a famous author from Colombia.  He won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his book, "One Hundred Years of Solitude."  This book is one of the most important works of magical realism, a type of storytelling that mixes fantasy and reality. 

Colombia tiene muchas personas famosas que son conocidas en todo el mundo. "Gabriel García Márquez" es un famoso autor de Colombia. Ganó el Premio Nobel de Literatura por su libro "Cien años de soledad". Este libro es una de las obras más importantes del realismo mágico, un tipo de narración que mezcla fantasía y realidad.

1.15
Colombian singer "Shakira" is also famous worldwide.  She has won many awards for her music and is known for her unique dance moves.  "James Rodríguez" is a well-known football player who has represented Colombia in international tournaments. 

La cantante colombiana "Shakira" también es famosa en todo el mundo. Ha ganado muchos premios por su música y es conocida por sus movimientos de baile únicos. "James Rodríguez" es un conocido jugador de fútbol que ha representado a Colombia en torneos internacionales.

Fun Fact: Colombia's Colorful Caño Cristales River 

1.16
Colombia is home to one of the most unique rivers in the world, called "Caño Cristales."  This river is often called the "River of Five Colors" because, at certain times of the year, it turns vibrant shades of red, yellow, green, blue, and black!  These colors come from a special type of plant that grows on the riverbed.  It is one of nature's most amazing sights, and people from all over the world visit Colombia to see this magical river. 

Colombia alberga uno de los ríos más singulares del mundo, llamado « Caño Cristales ». Este río es a menudo llamado el « Río de los Cinco Colores » porque, en ciertas épocas del año, se vuelve vibrante en tonos de rojo, amarillo, verde, azul y negro. Estos colores provienen de un tipo especial de planta que crece en el lecho del río. Es una de las vistas más asombrosas de la naturaleza, y personas de todo el mundo visitan Colombia para ver este río mágico.

1. Colombia

1. Colombia

South America

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100%
1.

What is Colombia known for?

A

Only its beaches

B

Only its rainforests

C

Its culture, landscapes, and friendly people

D

Its deserts and cold weather

2.

Who helped Colombia gain independence from Spain?

A

Christopher Columbus

B

Simón Bolívar

C

Gabriel García Márquez

D

James Rodríguez

3.

Where can you find pink dolphins in Colombia?

A

In the Andes Mountains

B

In the Caribbean Sea

C

In the Amazon rainforest

D

In the Pacific Ocean

4.

What is the capital city of Colombia?

A

Cartagena

B

Cali

C

Bogotá

D

Barranquilla

5.

Which Colombian city is known as the 'Salsa Capital of the World'?

A

Barranquilla

B

Cali

C

Cartagena

D

Bogotá

6.

Put the following events in the correct order:

christopher columbus arrives.
indigenous groups build strong communities.
colombia wins independence from spain.
gabriel garcía márquez wins the nobel prize.
7.

Match each description with the correct term:

Famous Colombian singer known for dance moves
Popular Colombian food made from corn
Important leader for Colombian independence
Nobel Prize-winning author
Colombian city known for warm coastal weather
Simón Bolívar
Arepas
Cartagena
Gabriel García Márquez
Shakira
8.

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. (Fake answers are included.)

Colombia has coastlines on the

and the

.

is a famous type of Colombian music that uses an accordion.

is a traditional Colombian dish that includes rice, beans, pork, and plantain.

is the colorful festival held in Barranquilla.

The

River in Colombia is also called the "River of Five Colors."

Caribbean Sea
Pacific Ocean
Vallenato
Bandeja Paisa
Barranquilla Carnival
Caño Cristales
Amazon
Magdalena River
9.

Which statements are TRUE? (Choose all that apply.)

Colombia's highest mountain is over 5,000 meters tall.

The weather in Bogotá is very hot all year.

Salsa dancing is popular in Colombia, especially in Cali.

Arepas are a sweet dessert made only for festivals.

Colombia has ports on both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.

Caño Cristales is known for changing colors because of a special plant.

10.

Complete the table with information from the text.

Name of Colombia's highest mountain

A typical Colombian corn-based food

City known for cool weather

Famous Colombian writer

River known as "the River of Five Colors"

Pico Cristóbal Colón
Arepas
Bogotá
Gabriel García Márquez
Caño Cristales
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