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Unidad 8 - Referencia

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1-
biotechnology
2-
censorship
3-
poverty
4-
democracy
5-
globalization
6-
global warming
7-
immigration
8-
identity theft
9-
exploration
10-
multiculturalism
11-
unemployment
12-
depletion
13-
ozone layer
14-
cloning
15-
freedom of speech
16-
corporation
17-
pollution
18-
to overrate
19-
to underrate
20-
disastrous
21-
deadly
22-
benefit
23-
indispensable
24-
invaluable
25-
to tear out
26-
in the fast lane
27-
wake-up call
28-
be-all and end-all
29-
around the clock
30-
to burn out
31-
golden opportunity
32-
itchy feet
33-
major
34-
far-reaching
35-
root
36-
to bring about
37-
to give rise to
38-
to result in
39-
to stem from
40-
in particular
41-
furthermore
42-
nevertheless
43-
in addition to
44-
on the other (hand)
45-
to imply
46-
to emphasize
47-
to infer
48-
to stress
49-
to generate
50-
to assess
51-
to formulate
52-
notably
53-
to sum up
54-
chronological
55-
alphabetical
biotechnology
Sustantivo
b
b
io
aɪoʊ
t
t
e
e
ch
k
n
n
o
ɑ:
l
l
o
ə
g
ʤ
y
i
(biotecnología industrial)

(biotecnología industrial)

biotecnología

the use of living organisms, or their parts or products, in industrial, agricultural, medical, or other technological applications to produce or modify useful products or processes

censorship
Sustantivo
c
s
e
ɛ
n
n
s
s
o
ɜ
r
r
sh
ʃ
i
ɪ
p
p
(silencio informativo)

(silencio informativo)

censura

the act of banning or deleting information that could be valuable to the enemy

What is "censorship"?

Censorship refers to the act of controlling or limiting what can be accessed, shared, or published, often for reasons of security, politics, or control. This type of censorship is commonly used during times of conflict or war, where information that could benefit an enemy or harm national interests is suppressed. Governments or organizations may restrict certain news reports, communications, or documents to prevent sensitive or damaging information from reaching the public or adversaries. While censorship aims to protect security, it can also limit the freedom of information and public knowledge.

poverty
poverty
Sustantivo
p
p
o
ɑ
v
v
e
ɜ
r
r
t
t
y
i
pobreza

pobreza

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

wealth
democracy
Sustantivo
d
d
e
ɪ
m
m
o
ɑ
c
k
r
r
a
ə
c
s
y
i
democracia

democracia

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

globalization
Sustantivo
g
g
l
l
o
b
b
a
ə
l
l
i
ɪ
z
z
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
globalización

globalización

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

global warming
Sustantivo
uk flag
/ɡlˈoʊbəl wˈɔːɹmɪŋ/
calentamiento global

calentamiento global

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

Información Gramatical:

Sustantivo Compuesto
immigration
immigration
Sustantivo
i
ɪ
mm
m
i
ɪ
g
g
r
r
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
inmigración

inmigración

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

identity theft
Sustantivo
uk flag
/aɪdˈɛntɪɾi θˈɛft/
(suplantación de identidad)

(suplantación de identidad)

usurpación de identidad

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

Información Gramatical:

Sustantivo Compuesto
exploration
Sustantivo
e
ɛ
x
ks
p
p
l
l
o
ɜ
r
r
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(exploración territorial)

(exploración territorial)

exploración

the act of traveling through unfamiliar areas in order to gain knowledge or discover new information

multiculturalism
Sustantivo
m
m
u
ə
l
l
t
t
i
i
c
k
u
ə
l
l
t
ʧ
u
ɜ
r
r
a
ə
l
l
i
ɪ
s
z
ə
m
m
multiculturalismo

multiculturalismo

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

nationalism
unemployment
unemployment
Sustantivo
u
ʌ
n
n
e
ɪ
m
m
p
p
l
l
o
ɔ
y
ɪ
m
m
e
ə
n
n
t
t
(desocupación, paro)

(desocupación, paro)

desempleo

the state of being without a job

employment
depletion
Sustantivo
d
d
e
ɪ
p
p
l
l
e
i
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(depleción)

(depleción)

agotamiento

the reduction or exhaustion of a resource, supply, or quantity, resulting in a decrease or loss

ozone layer
Sustantivo
uk flag
/ˈoʊzoʊn lˈeɪɚ/
capa de ozono

capa de ozono

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

Información Gramatical:

Sustantivo Compuesto
cloning
Sustantivo
c
k
l
l
o
n
n
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g
(clonamiento)

(clonamiento)

clonación

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

freedom of speech
Sustantivo
uk flag
/fɹˈiːdəm ʌv spˈiːtʃ/
(libertad de hablar)

(libertad de hablar)

libertad de expresión

the right to express any opinions or ideas without censorship, restraint, or fear of retaliation from the government or other authorities

corporation
corporation
Sustantivo
c
k
o
ɔ
r
r
p
p
o
ɜ
r
r
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
corporación

corporación

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

pollution
pollution
Sustantivo
p
p
o
ə
ll
l
u
u
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(polución)

(polución)

contaminación

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

to overrate
Verbo
uk flag
/ˌoʊvɝˈɹeɪt/
sobrevalorar

sobrevalorar

to give something or someone more credit than is deserved

underestimate
to underrate
Verbo
uk flag
/ˌəndɝˈɹeɪt/
subestimar

subestimar

to consider someone or something as less important, valuable, or skillful than they actually are

overestimate
disastrous
Adjetivo
d
d
i
ɪ
s
z
a
æ
s
s
t
t
r
r
ou
ə
s
s
(catastrófico)

(catastrófico)

desastroso

very harmful or bad

deadly
deadly
Adjetivo
d
d
ea
ɛ
d
d
l
l
y
i
(letal)

(letal)

mortal

having the potential to cause death

benefit
Sustantivo
b
b
e
ɛ
n
n
e
ə
f
f
i
ɪ
t
t
beneficio

beneficio

an advantage or a helpful effect that is the result of a situation

indispensable
indispensable
Adjetivo
i
ɪ
n
n
d
d
i
ɪ
s
s
p
p
e
ɛ
n
n
s
s
a
ə
b
b
ə
l
l
e
indispensable

indispensable

essential and impossible to do without

dispensable
invaluable
Adjetivo
i
ɪ
n
n
v
v
a
æ
l
l
u
j
a
ə
b
b
ə
l
l
e
inestimable

inestimable

holding such great value or importance that it cannot be measured or replaced

to tear out
to tear out
Verbo
uk flag
/tˈɪɹ ˈaʊt/
(desgajar)

(desgajar)

arrancar

to forcefully split or remove something from their place or position, often through pulling or ripping

Información Gramatical:

Estado Frasal
separable
verbo de la frase
tear
partícula de la frase
out
in the fast lane
Frase
uk flag
/ɪnðə fˈæst lˈeɪn/
N/A

N/A

Idiom
Informal

in a way that involves danger yet is full of excitement and adventure

What is the origin of the idiom "in the fast lane" and when to use it?

The origin of the idiom "in the fast lane" in the sense of describing a lifestyle full of excitement and adventure is not specifically documented. It is a figurative expression that likely developed over time, drawing from the idea of speed, high-energy living, and the thrill of adventure. It is often used to describe a lifestyle or situation that involves excitement, adventure, and sometimes danger.

wake-up call
Sustantivo
uk flag
/wˈeɪkˌʌp kˈɔːl/
servicio de despertador

servicio de despertador

a phone call that is made at a particular time to wake someone up, at their request, for example in a hotel

What is a "wake-up call"?

A wake-up call is a service provided by hotels or businesses to alert guests at a specified time, usually to ensure they wake up for a particular event or appointment. The service involves a staff member or automated system calling the guest’s room at the designated time, often in the morning. Wake-up calls are typically requested when checking into a hotel and can be set for a specific time. Some phone systems or mobile apps also offer similar features to help individuals wake up by setting alarms or reminders.

Información Gramatical:

Sustantivo Compuesto
be-all and end-all
Frase
uk flag
/biːˈɔːl ænd ˈɛndˈɔːl/
N/A

N/A

the ultimate or most important thing

around the clock
around the clock
Adjetivo
uk flag
/əˈraʊnd ðə ˈklɑk/
(sin parar)

(sin parar)

24 horas

Idiom

non-stop and continuing through the whole day and night

What is the origin of the idiom "make a go of something" and when to use it?

The idiom "around the clock" originated from the concept of measuring time using a clock's circular face. It dates back to the late 19th century, when mechanical clocks became more prevalent and clock faces featured 12-hour or 24-hour markings. This expression is commonly employed in situations that require constant attention, monitoring, or availability.

to burn out
Verbo
uk flag
/bˈɜːn ˈaʊt/
(agobiarse)

(agobiarse)

quemarse

to feel very tired from working too much over a period of time

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
Estado Frasal
separable
verbo de la frase
burn
partícula de la frase
out
golden opportunity
Sustantivo
uk flag
/ɡˈoʊldən ɑːpɚtˈuːnɪɾi/
(oportunidad dorada)

(oportunidad dorada)

oportunidad de oro

a highly favorable or advantageous chance or situation that holds great potential for success or achievement

Información Gramatical:

Sustantivo Compuesto
itchy feet
Sustantivo
uk flag
/ˈɪtʃi fˈiːt/
(afán de irse)

(afán de irse)

ansia de viajar

Idiom
Informal

a strong urge to travel or leave somewhere

What is the origin of the idiom "itchy feet" and when to use it?

The idiom "itchy feet" is thought to have originated from the sensation of restlessness or a strong desire to travel or explore new places. The phrase implies a feeling of discomfort or an impulse to move and go on an adventure. It's often used to describe a person who cannot stay in one place for long and is eager to embark on a journey, whether for leisure or exploration.

Información Gramatical:

Sustantivo Compuesto
major
major
Adjetivo
m
m
a
j
ʤ
o
ə
r
r
importante

importante

serious and of great importance

minor
far-reaching
Adjetivo
uk flag
/fˈɑːɹɹˈiːtʃɪŋ/
(con amplias repercusiones)

(con amplias repercusiones)

de largo alcance

having significant effects, implications, or consequences that extend over a wide area or range

root
Sustantivo
r
r
oo
u
t
t
raíz

raíz

the primary cause of something

to bring about
to bring about
Verbo
uk flag
/bɹˈɪŋ ɐbˈaʊt/
provocar

provocar

to be the reason for a specific incident or result

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
Estado Frasal
separable
verbo de la frase
bring
partícula de la frase
about
to give rise to
Frase
uk flag
/ɡˈɪv ɹˈaɪz tuː/
N/A

N/A

Collocation

to create a particular situation or event

to result in
to result in
Verbo
uk flag
/ɹɪzˈʌlt ˈɪn/
resultar en

resultar en

to cause something to occur

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
Estado Frasal
inseparable
verbo de la frase
result
partícula de la frase
in
to stem from
to stem from
Verbo
uk flag
/stˈɛm fɹʌm/
provenir de

provenir de

to originate from a particular source or factor

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
Estado Frasal
inseparable
verbo de la frase
stem
partícula de la frase
from
in particular
Adverbio
uk flag
/ɪn pɚtˈɪkjʊlɚ/
(particularmente)

(particularmente)

en particular

Collocation

used to specify or emphasize a particular aspect or detail within a broader context

furthermore
Adverbio
f
f
u
ɜ
r
r
th
ð
e
ɜ
r
r
m
m
o
ɔ
r
r
e
además

además

used to introduce additional information

Información Gramatical:

Adverbio Conjuntivo
nevertheless
Adverbio
n
n
e
ɛ
v
v
e
ɜ
r
r
th
ð
e
ə
l
l
e
ɛ
ss
s
sin embargo

sin embargo

used to introduce an opposing statement

Información Gramatical:

Adverbio Conjuntivo
in addition to
Preposición
uk flag
/ɪn ɐdˈɪʃən tuː/
además de

además de

Collocation

used to add extra or supplementary information

on the other (hand)
Adverbio
uk flag
/ɑːnðɪ ˈʌðɚ hˈænd ɔːɹ/
(en cambio)

(en cambio)

por otro lado

Collocation

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

on the one hand
to imply
to imply
Verbo
i
ɪ
m
m
p
p
l
l
y
insinuar

insinuar

to suggest without explicitly stating

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
to emphasize
Verbo
e
ɛ
m
m
ph
f
a
ə
s
s
i
z
z
e
clasificar

clasificar

to highlight something and make it easier to notice by drawing attention toward it

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
to infer
to infer
Verbo
i
ɪ
n
n
f
f
e
ɜ
r
r
inferir

inferir

to reach an opinion or decision based on available evidence and one's understanding of the matter

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
to stress
to stress
Verbo
s
s
t
t
r
r
e
ɛ
ss
s
enfatizar

enfatizar

to emphasize a particular point or aspect

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
to generate
to generate
Verbo
g
ʤ
e
ɛ
n
n
e
ɜ
r
r
a
t
t
e
generar

generar

to cause or give rise to something

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
to assess
to assess
Verbo
a
ə
ss
s
e
ɛ
ss
s
valorar

valorar

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
to formulate
to formulate
Verbo
f
f
o
ɔ
r
r
m
m
u
j
ə
l
l
a
t
t
e
formular

formular

to thoughtfully prepare or create something, paying close attention to its details

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
notably
Adverbio
n
n
o
t
t
a
ə
b
b
l
l
y
i
en particular

en particular

used to introduce the most important part of what is being said

Información Gramatical:

Adverbio Interrogativo
to sum up
to sum up
Verbo
uk flag
/sˈʌm ˈʌp/
(hacer un resumen de)

(hacer un resumen de)

resumir

to briefly state the most important parts or facts of something

Información Gramatical:

Transitivo
Estado Frasal
separable
verbo de la frase
sum
partícula de la frase
up
chronological
chronological
Adjetivo
ch
k
r
r
o
ɑ
n
n
o
ə
l
l
o
ɑ
g
ʤ
i
ɪ
c
k
a
ə
l
l
cronológico

cronológico

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

alphabetical
Adjetivo
a
æ
l
l
ph
f
a
ə
b
b
e
ɛ
t
t
i
ɪ
c
k
a
ə
l
l
(en orden alfabético)

(en orden alfabético)

alfabético

arranged according to the order of the letters in the alphabet

analphabetic

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