Narratología

An ending is the final part of a story, play, film, or other narrative work where the main conflicts are resolved, and the conclusion of the plot is reached. It ties up loose ends, provides closure to the characters' journeys, and often delivers the final message or theme of the work. The ending is essential for giving the audience a sense of completion and resolution.

The setting is the time and location where the events of a story occur. It includes details about the physical environment, such as the place and surroundings, as well as the time period in which the story unfolds. The setting helps to create the context for the narrative and influences the atmosphere, mood, and overall experience of the story.

A cliffhanger is a storytelling technique used to create suspense or excitement by ending a scene, chapter, or episode at a crucial moment of tension or uncertainty. This unresolved ending leaves the audience eager to find out what happens next. For example, if a character is about to face a dangerous situation and the story ends abruptly, it is a cliffhanger. This technique keeps readers or viewers engaged and motivated to continue with the story to discover the outcome.

A spoiler is a piece of information that reveals key plot details or outcomes of a book, film, TV show, or other media work, which can ruin the experience for someone who has not yet seen or read it. Spoilers often include significant plot twists, character fates, or crucial moments that are meant to be discovered during the course of the story. They are typically avoided by people who wish to keep the suspense and surprise intact for others.

A storyline is the sequence of events and actions that form the main plot of a story. It outlines how the narrative progresses, including the key incidents, conflicts, and resolutions that drive the story forward. The storyline provides the structure for the narrative, guiding the development of the plot and maintaining the audience's interest by revealing what happens next.

A frame story is a narrative technique where a main story is presented within the context of another, often separate, story. The primary story serves as a framework for including one or more additional stories or episodes. This method provides a structure for storytelling, often allowing different perspectives or tales to be interwoven. For example, a book might feature a character recounting various stories to others, with the recounting serving as the frame for each individual tale.

Narration is the process and method of telling a story or describing events within a work of literature, film, or other media. It involves the presentation of the plot, characters, and setting through a particular voice or perspective. The narrator, who can be a character within the story or an external figure, guides the audience through the narrative, providing context, details, and insight into the unfolding events. Narration shapes how the story is understood and can influence the audience's perception of the plot and characters.

A narrative is a structured account of a series of events or experiences, either real or fictional, that are connected to form a cohesive story. It includes the plot, characters, setting, and the sequence in which events unfold. Narratives can be found in literature, film, theater, and other forms of media, and they may follow a chronological order or use various techniques, such as flashbacks, to develop the storyline. A narrative helps to organize the content and guide the audience through the progression of the plot.

A plot is the sequence of events and actions that make up the main storyline of a book, film, play, or other narrative work. It outlines the key events and conflicts that drive the story forward and includes the development of characters and their interactions. The plot typically involves an introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution, which together create a coherent and engaging narrative.

The idiom "red herring" originates from a technique used in training hunting dogs. A red herring is a smoked and strongly scented fish, and it was used to distract or divert the hounds from the scent of the actual prey during training. In a figurative sense, this expression is used to refer to something that is misleading or a distraction, diverting attention away from the real issue or problem at hand.

Dialogue is the spoken or written conversation between characters in a story. It is used to reveal character traits, advance the plot, and provide information about the setting or situation. Through dialogue, characters interact with each other, express their thoughts and feelings, and engage in conflicts or agreements. Effective dialogue helps to make the narrative more dynamic and engaging, offering insight into the characters' relationships and the unfolding events.