Chemistry

reactant

Sustantivo

/rɪæk.tənt/ or /riāk.tēnt/

r

r

ea

ɪæ

c

k

t

t

a

ə

n

n

t

t

(sustancia reactante)

reactante

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

catalyst

Sustantivo

/kæ.tə.ləst/ or /kā.tē.lēst/

c

k

a

æ

t

t

a

ə

l

l

y

ə

s

s

t

t

catalizador

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

catalysis

Sustantivo

/kæ.tæ.lə.sɪs/ or /kā.tā.lē.sis/

c

k

a

æ

t

t

a

æ

l

l

y

ə

s

s

i

ɪ

s

s

(catalización)

catalisis

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

covalent bond

Sustantivo

/kˈoʊveɪlənt bˈɑːnd/

(unión covalente)

enlace covalente

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

isomer

Sustantivo

/aɪ.sə.mɜr/ or /ai.sē.mēr/

i

aɪ

s

s

o

ə

m

m

e

ɜ

r

r

(isómeros)

isómero

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

polymer

Sustantivo

/pɑ.lə.mɜr/ or /paa.lē.mēr/

p

p

o

ɑ

l

l

y

ə

m

m

e

ɜ

r

r

(polímero grande)

polímero

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

monomer

Sustantivo

/mɑ.nə.mɜr/ or /maa.nē.mēr/

m

m

o

ɑ

n

n

o

ə

m

m

e

ɜ

r

r

(unidad de repetición)

monómero

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

hydrocarbon

Sustantivo

/haɪd.roʊ.kɑr.bən/ or /haid.rooo.kaar.bēn/

h

h

y

aɪ

d

d

r

r

o

oʊ

c

k

a

ɑ

r

r

b

b

o

ə

n

n

(hidrocarbono)

hidrocarburo

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

ester

Sustantivo

/ɛs.tɜr/ or /es.tēr/

e

ɛ

s

s

t

t

e

ɜ

r

r

(éster químico)

éster

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

aldehyde

Sustantivo

/æl.dɪ.haɪd/ or /āl.di.haid/

a

æ

l

l

d

d

e

ɪ

h

h

y

aɪ

d

d

e

(aldehido)

aldehído

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

alcohol

Sustantivo

/æl.kə.hɑl/ or /āl.kē.haal/

a

æ

l

l

c

k

o

ə

h

h

o

ɑ

l

l

(alcohólico)

alcohol

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

ketone

Sustantivo

/ki.toʊn/ or /ki.tooon/

k

k

e

i

t

t

o

oʊ

n

n

e

(cetonas)

cetona

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

oxidation-reduction

Sustantivo

/ˌɑːksɪdˈeɪʃənɹɪdˈʌkʃən/

(reacción redox)

reacción de oxidación-reducción

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

molarity

Sustantivo

/moʊ.læ.rɪ.ti/ or /mooo.lā.ri.ti/

m

m

o

oʊ

l

l

a

æ

r

r

i

ɪ

t

t

y

i

(concentración molar)

molaridad

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

electrolyte

Sustantivo

/ɪ.lɛkt.rɑ.laɪt/ or /i.lekt.raa.lait/

e

ɪ

l

l

e

ɛ

c

k

t

t

r

r

o

ɑ

l

l

y

aɪ

t

t

e

(electrolito en solución)

electrolito

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

colloid

Sustantivo

/kɑ.lɔɪd/ or /kaa.lawid/

c

k

o

ɑ

ll

l

oi

ɔɪ

d

d

(coloide)

colóide

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

alkali

Sustantivo

/æl.kə.laɪ/ or /āl.kē.lai/

a

æ

l

l

k

k

a

ə

l

l

i

aɪ

álcali

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

ammonia

Sustantivo

/ə.moʊn.jə/ or /ē.mooon.yē/

a

ə

mm

m

o

oʊ

n

n

i

j

a

ə

amoníaco

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

alloy

Sustantivo

/æ.lɔɪ/ or /ā.lawi/

a

æ

ll

l

o

ɔ

y

ɪ

aleación

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

halogen

Sustantivo

/hæ.lə.ʤən/ or /hā.lē.jēn/

h

h

a

æ

l

l

o

ə

g

ʤ

e

ə

n

n

(halógenos)

halógeno

a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

isotope

Sustantivo

/aɪ.sə.toʊp/ or /ai.sē.tooop/

i

aɪ

s

s

o

ə

t

t

o

oʊ

p

p

e

isótopo

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

noble gas

Sustantivo

/nˈoʊbəl ɡˈæs/

(gas inerte)

gas noble

any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

emulsion

Sustantivo

/ɪ.məl.ʃən/ or /i.mēl.shēn/

e

ɪ

m

m

u

ə

l

l

s

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(mezcla de líquidos)

emulsión

a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water

half-life

Sustantivo

/hˈæf lˈaɪf/

(semivida)

vida media

the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions

depleted uranium

Sustantivo

/dɪplˈiːɾᵻd jʊɹˈeɪniəm/

(uranio depletado)

uranio empobrecido

a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding

solvent

Sustantivo

/sɑl.vənt/ or /saal.vēnt/

s

s

o

ɑ

l

l

v

v

e

ə

n

n

t

t

disolvente

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

charged

Adjetivo

/ʧɑrʤd/ or /chaarjd/

ch

ʧ

a

ɑ

r

r

g

ʤ

e

d

d

cargado

having an electric charge