Instrumentos geográficos y de laboratorio.

A test tube is a small, glass or plastic tube used in laboratories to hold, mix, or heat liquids and chemicals during experiments. It is usually cylindrical, with a rounded bottom and an open top. Test tubes are often used to conduct small-scale reactions or to observe changes in substances. They are typically held in a test tube rack to keep them upright and can be easily handled with test tube tongs or clamps when heated. Test tubes are commonly used in science classrooms, research labs, and medical testing.

A graduated cylinder is a tall, narrow container used to measure the volume of liquids accurately. It is made of glass or plastic and has markings along the side, indicating different measurements. These markings allow one to read the exact amount of liquid inside. Graduated cylinders are commonly used in laboratories for precise liquid measurements in experiments or when mixing substances. They are typically more accurate than beakers or flasks due to their narrow shape, which reduces the risk of error when reading the liquid level.

A pipette is a small, tube-like tool used to transfer or measure liquids in precise amounts. It is typically made of glass or plastic and has a narrow, long shape with a bulb at one end. The bulb is squeezed to draw liquid into the pipette, which can then be released by squeezing the bulb again. Pipettes are commonly used in laboratories, especially in experiments that require accurate measurements of liquids, such as in chemical reactions or medical testing. Some pipettes are graduated to show different volumes, while others are used for transferring a fixed amount of liquid.

An evaporating dish is a shallow, ceramic or glass container used to heat liquids and cause them to evaporate, leaving behind solid substances. It is typically used in laboratories for processes like concentrating solutions or removing water from a substance. The dish has a wide surface area, which helps the liquid evaporate more quickly when heated. Evaporating dishes are commonly used in chemistry and other scientific fields to separate mixtures or prepare substances for further study. The material of the dish can withstand high temperatures, making it suitable for heating.

A crucible is a small, heat-resistant container used in laboratories for heating substances to very high temperatures. It is typically made of materials like ceramic, metal, or graphite, which can withstand extreme heat without breaking. Crucibles are often used for processes such as melting, boiling, or chemical reactions that require intense heat. They are commonly used in chemistry and metalworking to perform tests or to refine substances. The design of the crucible allows for easy handling while keeping the material inside safe during heating.

A glass rod is a long, thin piece of glass used in laboratories for stirring, mixing, or transferring liquids. It is usually smooth and transparent, making it easy to see through. Glass rods are commonly used to mix chemicals or solutions in containers like beakers or flasks. They are also used to guide or direct liquids during experiments. The smooth surface of the glass rod makes it easy to clean and reuse, and it can withstand contact with most chemicals without reacting.

A dropper is a small tool used to transfer liquids in very small amounts, usually in the form of drops. It consists of a thin, flexible tube with a rubber bulb at one end. By squeezing the bulb, liquid is drawn into the tube, and by releasing it, the liquid is dispensed drop by drop. Droppers are commonly used in laboratories, medicine, and even in kitchens for tasks that require precise measurements of liquids, such as adding small amounts of chemicals, medicines, or food ingredients.

An Erlenmeyer flask is a type of laboratory glassware used to hold, mix, or heat liquids. It has a flat, broad base, a triangular-shaped body, and a narrow neck, which makes it easy to swirl liquids without spilling. The shape also helps prevent splashing and allows for efficient heating. Erlenmeyer flasks are commonly used in chemistry and biology labs for experiments, as the narrow neck can hold a stopper or allow for the addition of liquids and chemicals in a controlled manner. They are often marked with measurements to help measure liquid volumes.

A condenser is a laboratory device used to cool and condense vapors back into liquid form. It typically consists of a tube through which vapor passes, surrounded by a layer of cold water that cools the vapor as it moves through. The cooled vapor then turns back into liquid and can be collected in a separate container. Condensers are commonly used in distillation processes, where heat is applied to a liquid to separate its components, and in other experiments that involve heating and cooling substances. The cold water helps ensure the vapor does not escape.

A thematic map is a type of map that focuses on a specific topic or feature of an area, rather than showing general geographical details. It highlights information such as population, climate, natural resources, or language distribution. Thematic maps use colors, symbols, or patterns to make the data easier to understand and interpret. These maps are often used to show trends, compare data, or analyze certain aspects of a region, making them useful in fields like geography, economics, and social studies.

A globe is a three-dimensional model of the Earth, showing its continents, countries, oceans, and other geographical features. It is typically spherical in shape and is often mounted on a stand, allowing it to rotate like the Earth does. Globes provide a more accurate representation of the Earth's surface than flat maps because they show the true proportions and distances between places. They are commonly used for educational purposes, helping people understand the Earth's geography and how different locations relate to each other.

GIS, or Geographic Information System, is a technology used to collect, store, analyze, and display geographic data. It allows users to create maps and visualizations that show information about locations, such as roads, land use, population, or natural resources. GIS combines data from various sources, like satellite images and surveys, to help with decision-making in areas like urban planning, environmental protection, and transportation. It is a valuable tool for studying patterns and relationships between different features on the Earth's surface.