Infraestructura ferroviaria

A railroad line is a route made up of tracks that trains follow to travel between different places. It consists of a series of connected rails laid out on the ground and supported by ties or sleepers. A railroad line can be a single set of tracks or multiple tracks, depending on how busy the route is. It is part of a larger network that connects cities, towns, or regions, allowing trains to move goods and passengers efficiently. Railroad lines are essential for transportation and are used by various types of trains, including cargo and passenger trains.

A branch line is a secondary railway route that connects to a main railroad line but serves a smaller area or specific destination. It usually diverges from the main track and leads to towns, cities, or industries that are not directly served by the primary line. Branch lines typically handle less traffic than main lines, but they are important for reaching places that would not otherwise have direct rail access. These lines often link to larger networks, allowing trains to distribute goods and passengers to more remote or less populated areas.

A siding is a short section of track that branches off from the main railway line, allowing trains to be temporarily stored or for trains to pass one another. Siding tracks are typically used to park freight cars or allow faster trains to overtake slower ones. They are commonly found at stations, storage areas, or along less busy stretches of track, providing flexibility for train movements without disrupting the main flow of traffic. Sidings can also be used to load and unload goods or to service trains before they continue on their journey.

A spur is a short section of track that branches off from a main railway line, typically used to connect to specific locations, such as factories, warehouses, or mines. It allows trains to reach places that are not directly on the main track. Spurs are often shorter than regular tracks and are used to deliver or pick up goods in areas where regular train service is not available. These tracks can be found in industrial areas or along less-traveled parts of a railway network, helping to support local transportation needs.

Track ballast is the layer of crushed stone or gravel placed beneath and around railway tracks. It helps to keep the tracks stable, ensuring they remain in position and do not shift under the weight of trains. Ballast also allows water to drain away from the track, preventing flooding and damage. The stones are arranged to distribute the weight of the trains evenly, which helps maintain the track's alignment and supports safe and smooth train movements. Ballast is essential for the durability and proper functioning of railway tracks.

A switch is a device used in railway systems to guide trains from one track to another. It consists of movable rails, called points, that can be adjusted to change the direction of a train's travel. By shifting the position of the rails, the switch directs the train onto a different track, allowing it to change routes or merge with another line. Switches are typically controlled manually or automatically and are essential for managing train movements, especially in storage areas, stations, and where tracks cross each other.

A funicular is a type of railway system that uses two cars connected by a cable, which move on tracks that are usually built on steep slopes. One car goes up the hill while the other comes down, using gravity to balance the movement. The cable pulls the cars up and down the slope, making it easier to travel on steep terrain. Funiculars are often used in places with mountains or hills, such as tourist destinations or cities with hilly landscapes, to transport people quickly and efficiently.

A third rail is an additional rail, placed beside the regular tracks, that supplies electrical power to trains. Instead of using overhead wires, trains draw power from the third rail through a special device called a shoe, which touches the rail and transfers electricity. This system is commonly used in subways, urban transit, and other rail systems where overhead wires might not be practical. The third rail is typically located close to the ground and is carefully insulated for safety to prevent accidents.

An overhead line is a set of wires suspended above a railway track, used to supply electrical power to trains. These wires are connected to the train through a device called a pantograph, which collects electricity as the train moves. Overhead lines are commonly used in electric train systems, especially in areas where using a third rail is not possible. This system allows trains to run on electricity, reducing the need for fuel and helping to lower emissions while providing an efficient form of transportation.

A railhead refers to the farthest point of a railway line, often where the tracks end or where the line connects to another network. It can also refer to a location where goods are loaded onto trains for transport, marking the starting point of their journey. In areas where trains are used to carry materials, the railhead is important for moving goods efficiently, serving as the main place for loading and unloading cargo. The term is commonly used in rail transportation and logistics to indicate a key point in the rail system.

A track bed is the foundation or base structure on which railway tracks are laid. It consists of layers of materials, such as gravel, sand, or crushed stone, designed to provide stability and support to the tracks. The track bed helps distribute the weight of trains evenly, preventing the tracks from shifting or sinking over time. It also allows for proper drainage, ensuring the tracks remain safe and functional, even in wet conditions. The track bed is an essential part of the railway system, maintaining the strength of the track and supporting smooth train movement.

A tie plate is a metal plate that sits between the railway track and the wooden or concrete ties. It helps secure the rails to the ties, ensuring they stay in place. Tie plates also help distribute the weight of the trains evenly, reducing wear on both the rails and the ties. Additionally, they prevent the rails from shifting out of alignment, maintaining the stability and safety of the track. Tie plates are essential components in keeping the track structure intact and supporting smooth train operations.

Gauge refers to the distance between the inner edges of the two rails on a railway track. It is an important measurement because it determines how wide or narrow the track is, affecting the type of trains that can safely travel on it. The standard gauge, which is the most common worldwide, measures 143.5 centimeters, or 4 feet 8 ½ inches, between the rails. Different regions or rail systems may use wider or narrower gauges depending on their specific needs, with broader gauges providing more stability and allowing for heavier trains. Gauge is a key factor in ensuring proper track and train compatibility.

Narrow gauge refers to a railway track where the distance between the rails is narrower than the standard gauge of 143.5 centimeters. Narrow gauge tracks are often used in regions where space is limited, such as in mountainous areas, or for specialized purposes like light rail systems. These tracks allow trains to navigate tighter curves and steeper slopes more easily, making them suitable for certain types of terrain. While narrow gauge trains are typically smaller and carry fewer passengers or lighter loads, they are more cost-effective to build and maintain in challenging locations.

Standard gauge refers to the most common railway track width, with the distance between the rails measuring 143.5 centimeters. This gauge is used by the majority of rail systems around the world because it provides a good balance of stability and ease of construction. Standard gauge tracks are designed to support a wide variety of trains, allowing for high-speed and heavy-load operations. The widespread use of standard gauge helps maintain consistency in rail transportation, making it easier to connect different regions and countries with compatible rail systems.

A concourse is a spacious, open area or hallway within a building, often found in places like train stations or airports. It serves as a central space where people can walk, wait, or gather before moving on to other parts of the building. In transportation centers, concourses are usually located near the entrance or platforms, making it easy for passengers to access different services or directions. They can include features like ticket counters, seating, and shops, helping people navigate and prepare for their travels.

A signal box is a building or structure at a train station or along a railway track where operators control the signals and switches that guide trains. It contains equipment that helps manage train movements safely by making sure trains are directed onto the correct tracks and at the right time. Signal boxes are usually found at busy stations or connections and are important for preventing accidents and keeping the trains running smoothly. Operators in the signal box can communicate with train drivers and other staff to make sure trains are safely sent to their destinations.

An infill station is a train station built between two existing stations, usually to serve an area that was previously not well connected by public transportation. These stations are added to fill in gaps in the rail network, making it easier for people to access trains and improving the overall transportation system. Infill stations are often located in growing neighborhoods or areas with high demand for travel, helping reduce travel time and improve convenience for passengers.

A railroad terminal is a large station where several train lines come together, allowing passengers to transfer between different routes. It is typically located at the end of multiple railways and offers services such as ticket sales, waiting areas, and other facilities for travelers. These terminals act as central points in the transportation network, providing a place where passengers can catch trains to various destinations.

An island platform is a type of train platform located between two tracks, allowing passengers to board or exit from either side of the platform. It is designed to serve trains running in both directions and is usually found in stations with multiple tracks. The platform is often accessible by stairs or escalators from either side and can provide easy access for passengers transferring between different trains. Island platforms are common in busy train stations where space is limited and there is a need to maximize the number of passengers that can use the platform.

An adhesion railway is a type of railway system that relies on friction between the train's wheels and the tracks to move the train forward. This type of system does not use additional mechanisms, such as gears or magnets, to help the train move, making it simpler and more common in most conventional railways. The traction, or grip, between the wheels and the rails is essential for the train to climb slopes and accelerate. Adhesion railways are widely used for passenger and cargo transport due to their effectiveness, although they may have limits in very steep or challenging terrain, where other systems, like cog railways, might be used.

A cog railway is a type of railway that uses a special system of gears to help trains climb steep hills. This system includes a cogwheel that fits into a toothed track, providing extra grip and allowing the train to move uphill safely, even on very steep slopes. Unlike standard railways, where the train relies on friction between the wheels and the track, the cogwheel helps transfer power, making it possible for trains to travel up mountains or other difficult terrains.

A railway yard is a large area where trains are stored, sorted, or organized. It includes tracks where trains can be parked, and often has facilities for maintenance, loading, and unloading cargo. In a railway yard, trains are arranged for different destinations, and sometimes, they are combined or split to form new trains. Railway yards are essential for managing train traffic and ensuring smooth operations in transporting goods or passengers to various locations. These yards are typically found near major train stations or cargo terminals.

A classification yard is a type of railway yard where trains are sorted and organized based on their destinations. In this yard, freight cars are separated and grouped together to form new trains, each heading to different locations. The yard uses a system of tracks and often includes special equipment to help move the freight cars onto the correct tracks. Classification yards are important for managing large amounts of freight, ensuring that the right cars are in the right places for efficient transport. They are commonly found in major freight railway systems.

A balloon loop is a circular or looped track used by trains to change direction without needing to turn around. This type of track layout allows a train to move in a complete circle, letting it continue its journey in the opposite direction without backing up. Balloon loops are commonly found in areas where there is limited space or when trains need to switch directions quickly, such as in train yards or at the end of certain rail lines.

A wye is a type of railway track arrangement that allows a train to change direction. It consists of three connected tracks shaped like the letter "Y," with two tracks leading into a central point and one track branching off from the point. This setup enables trains to turn around without needing to reverse or uncouple, making it useful for switching tracks or for turning locomotives in places where there is not enough space for a larger loop. Wyes are commonly found in areas where space is limited or when trains need to change direction efficiently.

Rail profile refers to the shape and design of the rail, which determines how it interacts with train wheels. It typically includes a flat base, a vertical section, and a rounded top, known as the head, where the train wheels make contact. The design of the rail profile ensures that the train runs smoothly, distributes weight evenly, and helps prevent wear and damage to both the rails and the wheels. Different rail profiles are used depending on the type of train, the expected load, and the conditions of the track.

A wayobject is any item or structure located along a railway track that serves a purpose for the operation or safety of the railway. These objects can include things like signs, signals, or physical barriers, all of which are placed to guide trains, ensure safety, and provide information to train operators. Wayobjects help manage the flow of trains and ensure that the track is safe and usable for transportation. They are often positioned at strategic locations along the route to serve their specific function.

A traction current pylon is a tall structure used to support overhead power lines that provide electricity to trains. These pylons are typically found along railway tracks and are part of the system that delivers power to electric trains. The electricity from the pylon travels through the wires and is transferred to the train by a pantograph, allowing the train to run. Traction current pylons are essential for the operation of electric trains, especially in areas where trains rely on external power sources rather than onboard fuel.