Examen y diagnóstico

An echocardiogram is an image or recording of the heart created using sound waves. This image is produced during an echocardiography procedure, where a device called a transducer sends sound waves through the chest. The sound waves bounce off the heart and are used to create detailed pictures that show how the heart is beating, how well it is pumping blood, and how the heart valves are functioning. An echocardiogram helps doctors diagnose and monitor various heart conditions.

An echocardiography is a medical test that uses sound waves to create detailed images of the heart's structures, including the valves and chambers. By using a device called a transducer placed on the chest, it sends sound waves that bounce off the heart and are turned into moving pictures. These images help doctors see how the heart is working, including how well it pumps blood and how the heart valves are functioning. Echocardiography is often used to diagnose and monitor heart conditions, such as heart disease or valve problems. The test does not involve any surgery or needles and usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

A health check is a regular examination performed to evaluate a person's overall health. It often includes measuring vital signs like blood pressure and heart rate, evaluating general well-being, and performing tests to identify any potential health issues. Health checks help detect problems early and ensure that individuals stay healthy or manage existing conditions effectively.

A medical is a thorough examination of a person’s health. It involves checking vital signs, reviewing medical history, and performing various tests to evaluate overall health and identify any potential issues. This complete evaluation helps in diagnosing conditions, planning treatments, and maintaining good health.

A prognosis is a professional prediction about how a disease or medical condition is likely to progress and what the outcome might be. It is based on a patient’s current health, medical history, and test results. A prognosis helps guess how well a patient might recover, the potential for complications, and the overall future of their health.

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the colon, which is the large intestine, and rectum. During the procedure, a long, flexible tube with a camera on the end, called a colonoscope, is gently inserted through the rectum and into the colon. The camera allows doctors to view and take pictures of the colon's lining on a monitor. Colonoscopies are commonly used to check for signs of conditions such as colorectal cancer, polyps, or inflammation. They are also used to investigate symptoms like abdominal pain, bleeding, or changes in bowel habits. The procedure can help diagnose issues early and guide treatment decisions.

An amylase test is a medical test used to measure the level of amylase, an enzyme, in the blood or urine. Amylase helps break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars during digestion. This test is often used to diagnose or monitor conditions related to the pancreas, such as pancreatitis, which is the inflammation of the pancreas, or other digestive issues. High levels of amylase in the blood or urine can indicate that the pancreas is inflamed or not working properly, while normal levels show that these conditions are not present.

Elastography is a medical imaging technique that measures how stiff or flexible tissues are. It helps doctors evaluate how soft or hard certain tissues are by using special equipment to identify how they change under pressure or stress. This technique is often used to evaluate liver stiffness, which can indicate liver disease, or to examine other organs and tissues for conditions like tumors or fibrosis. By measuring tissue stiffness, elastography provides valuable information that helps in diagnosing and monitoring various health issues.

A colposcopy is a medical procedure used to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease. During the procedure, a special tool called a colposcope, which has a light and magnifying lens, is inserted into the vagina to provide a detailed view of these areas. The colposcope does not enter the body but stays outside, while the doctor looks through it to identify any abnormal areas. This test is often used to check abnormal Pap smear results or symptoms like unusual bleeding or discharge. It helps in diagnosing conditions like cervical dysplasia or cancer, and may involve taking small tissue samples for further testing.

An ultrasound is a medical imaging technique that uses extremely fast sound waves to create pictures of the inside of the body. During the procedure, a device called a transducer is placed on the skin, which sends sound waves into the body. These sound waves bounce off tissues and organs, and the echoes are used to create images on a screen. Ultrasounds are commonly used to view organs, monitor the development of a fetus during pregnancy, and evaluate blood flow. It is a safe test that does not involve any surgery or needles, used to help diagnose and monitor various health conditions.

Electromyography (EMG) is a test that measures the electrical activity in muscles and nerves. During the test, small sensors called electrodes are placed on the skin or inserted into the muscle. These electrodes identify electrical signals produced by muscle activity, which are then recorded and displayed on a screen or printed on paper. EMG is used to diagnose muscle and nerve disorders, such as muscle weakness or nerve damage, by showing how well the muscles and nerves are working.

Fluoroscopy is a medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to create continuous video images of the inside of the body. During the procedure, a special X-ray machine takes ongoing X-ray images while a special dye is used to make certain areas more visible. These images are shown on a monitor, allowing doctors to see and check the movement and function of organs, bones, and other structures as they happen. Fluoroscopy is commonly used for examining the digestive system, helping certain medical procedures, and evaluating joint and bone issues.

Hysteroscopy is a medical procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera, called a hysteroscope, to look inside the uterus. The hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. This allows doctors to examine the inside of the uterus to diagnose and treat various conditions, such as abnormal bleeding, polyps, or fibroids. The procedure can also be used to take tissue samples or remove abnormal growths. Hysteroscopy is often done in a hospital or clinic setting and helps doctors get a clear view of the lining of the uterus and decide on the best treatment.

Myelography is a medical imaging procedure that uses a special dye and X-rays to look at the spinal cord and the surrounding structures. During this test, a contrast dye is injected into the space around the spinal cord, often through a needle inserted into the lower back. This dye makes the spinal cord and nerves show up clearly on X-ray images. The contrast dye used in myelography is generally safe, though it may cause some temporary discomfort or mild reactions in a small number of people. Myelography helps doctors diagnose problems such as herniated discs, spinal tumors, or narrowing of the spinal canal by providing detailed pictures of the spine.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a lab technique used to make many copies of a specific part of DNA. It involves mixing a small sample of DNA with special chemicals and enzymes. These enzymes help copy the DNA by repeatedly heating and cooling the mixture. PCR makes it possible to turn a small amount of DNA into a large amount that can be tested. This technique is widely used in medical tests, research, and forensic science to identify infections, study genetic information, and analyze DNA sequences.

A pregnancy test is a simple test used to determine if a woman is pregnant. It works by detecting the presence of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine or blood, which is produced during pregnancy. Pregnancy tests can be done at home with a kit or at a medical setting. Home tests usually involve placing a sample of urine on a test strip or stick, which changes color if hCG is identified. Blood tests, performed by healthcare professionals, are more precise and can identify pregnancy earlier.

Videonystagmography (VNG) is a diagnostic test used to evaluate how well the inner ear and brain are working together to control eye movements and balance. During the test, a small camera or video goggles are worn by the patient to record eye movements in response to various triggers, such as changes in head position, temperature, or visual patterns. VNG helps diagnose conditions that affect balance and dizziness, such as vestibular disorders, Meniere’s disease, or vertigo, by analyzing how the eyes move and respond to these triggers.

A vision screening is a quick test used to check how well a person can see. It helps identify potential vision problems, such as nearsightedness or farsightedness, before symptoms are noticeable. Vision screenings are commonly done in schools, clinics, or doctor's offices and typically involve simple tasks like reading letters or looking at shapes. If a problem is detected, further tests by an eye specialist may be needed.

A physical examination is a thorough check-up by a healthcare provider to evaluate a person's overall health. During this exam, the provider looks at, feels, and listens to different parts of the body, such as the heart, lungs, and abdomen, to check for any signs of health issues. The exam may also include measuring vital signs like blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature. Physical examinations help identify health problems early and guide treatment or more tests if needed.

A cardiac stress test is a procedure used to see how well the heart works during physical activity. During the test, a person exercises, usually on a treadmill or bike, while their heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing are monitored. The test can help doctors find out if the heart is getting enough blood during exercise, which can reveal problems like blocked arteries or heart disease. The test is often used to evaluate symptoms such as chest pain or to check the heart's health after a heart attack or surgery.

A stool test is a medical test that examines a sample of stool, which is the solid waste produced by the digestive system, to help diagnose various health conditions. The sample is usually collected at home and then sent to a lab. Stool tests can help identify issues such as infections, digestive disorders, or signs of diseases like colorectal cancer. The test checks for things like blood, bacteria, or other substances that might indicate a problem in the digestive system.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a test that records the electrical activity of the brain. Small sensors called electrodes are placed on the scalp to identify and measure the brain's electrical signals. These signals are then displayed on a computer screen or printed. EEG is commonly used to diagnose and monitor brain disorders, such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and other conditions that affect brain function. The test does not involve any surgery or needles and helps doctors understand how the brain is working.

An autopsy is a medical procedure performed after death to examine a body and identify the cause of death. During the autopsy, a specialized doctor carefully examines the organs and tissues of the person who has passed away. This examination may include looking at body tissues under a microscope and analyzing fluids. Autopsies help to confirm diagnoses, understand disease progression, and identify any underlying conditions that helped cause the person's death. These procedures can be essential for medical, legal, or family reasons, such as resolving questions about the cause of death.

A mammogram is an X-ray image of the breasts used to check for signs of breast cancer or other abnormalities. During the test, the breast is gently pressed between two plates to flatten it, and then X-ray pictures are taken. Mammograms help identify breast cancer early, often before any symptoms appear, which can make treatment more effective. They are commonly used for routine breast cancer screening in women.

Mammography is a type of X-ray imaging test used specifically to examine the breasts. It helps in identifying breast cancer or other abnormalities by taking detailed images of the breast tissue. During the procedure, the breast is gently pressed between two flat plates to spread out the tissue, allowing for clearer images. Mammography is typically used for regular check-ups or to examine any unusual changes or symptoms in the breast.

A positron emission tomography scan (PET scan) is an imaging test that helps doctors see how the organs and tissues in the body are functioning. During the test, a small amount of a radioactive substance is injected into the body. This substance is absorbed by the tissues and sends out tiny particles called positrons. A special camera then identifies these particles and creates detailed images showing how the body’s organs and tissues are working. PET scans are often used to diagnose and monitor conditions like cancer, heart disease, and brain disorders.

Electroneuronography (ENoG) is a test that measures the electrical activity of the facial nerves. Small sensors are placed on the face over these nerves to record electrical signals as they travel through them. This test helps doctors evaluate the health and function of the facial nerves and diagnose conditions like Bell's palsy or facial nerve damage. ENoG does not involve any surgery or needles, and provides valuable information about how well the facial nerves are working.

Electronystagmography (ENG) is a test used to measure and record involuntary eye movements, known as nystagmus, to help diagnose balance disorders and problems related to the inner ear. During the test, small sensors called electrodes are placed around the eyes to identify and record these eye movements while the patient follows specific visual triggers or undergoes head movements. ENG helps identify issues with the vestibular system, which controls balance, and can be useful in diagnosing conditions like vertigo or dizziness.

Electrooculography (EOG) is a test used to track and measure eye movements by detecting electrical changes around the eyes. It examines how the eyes move in response to visual triggers or in different positions. By placing small sensors called electrodes around the eyes, EOG records these electrical signals produced by eye movements, which are then analyzed to evaluate the function of the eye muscles and the coordination of eye movements. This test helps diagnose issues with eye movement control, such as those caused by neurological conditions or eye disorders.

Electroretinography (ERG) is a test that measures the electrical activity of the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. During the test, small sensors called electrodes are placed on the skin around the eyes or on the cornea, the clear, outer layer at the front of the eye, to detect the electrical responses produced by the retina when exposed to light. This helps doctors evaluate the function of the retina and diagnose conditions that affect vision, such as retinal diseases or disorders.

Endoscopy is a medical procedure used to look inside the body using a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope. The endoscope has a small camera and light at the end, which allows doctors to see the inside of organs or spaces on a screen. This procedure is often used to examine areas such as the digestive system, lungs, or urinary system. Endoscopy helps in diagnosing and sometimes treating conditions by allowing doctors to view and often take samples from inside the body without making large cuts.

Endoluminal capsule monitoring is a medical procedure that involves swallowing a small, pill-sized device that has a camera. As the capsule travels through the digestive system, it captures images, which are sent to a receiver worn by the patient. This allows doctors to examine the digestive system without surgical procedures, helping diagnose conditions such as gastrointestinal bleeding, Crohn's disease, or tumors. The capsule eventually exits the body naturally.

Gastroscopy is a medical procedure where the inside of the stomach is examined using a thin, flexible tube with a camera, called an endoscope. This tube is passed through the mouth and down the throat into the stomach. Gastroscopy is used to diagnose and treat conditions such as ulcers, inflammation, tumors, and bleeding in the upper digestive system. The procedure allows doctors to see the lining of the throat, stomach, and the beginning of the small intestine.

Laryngoscopy is a medical procedure where the back of the throat, the larynx which is known as the voice box, and the vocal cords are examined using a special tool called a laryngoscope. This tool is a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, which is inserted through the mouth or nose. Laryngoscopy is used to diagnose and treat issues such as voice problems, throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and to remove foreign objects or take tissue samples for biopsy. It helps doctors see any abnormalities in the throat and voice box.

Ophthalmoscopy is a medical test that allows doctors to look at the inside of the eye, including the retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels. This is done using a tool called an ophthalmoscope, which shines a light into the eye and magnifies the view. The test helps to diagnose and monitor eye conditions such as glaucoma, retinal diseases, and other issues affecting vision. By examining these parts of the eye, doctors can also notice signs of systemic health problems like diabetes and high blood pressure.

Sigmoidoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the lower part of the large intestine, known as the sigmoid colon. During this procedure, a doctor uses a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, called a sigmoidoscope, which is inserted through the rectum. The tube allows the doctor to see and check for problems such as inflammation, polyps, or tumors in the sigmoid colon and the rectum. Sigmoidoscopy helps diagnose conditions like colorectal cancer or other digestive issues and can be used to take samples for biopsy or remove polyps if needed.

Aortography is a medical imaging procedure used to examine the aorta, which is the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. During this procedure, a special dye is injected into the blood vessels, usually through a thin tube called catheter, to make the aorta and its branches visible on X-ray images. This helps doctors see and diagnose problems such as blockages, aneurysms, or other abnormalities in the aorta. The images produced can help with treatment decisions or planning surgeries.

Cardiac ventriculography is a medical imaging procedure used to examine the heart's ventricles, which are the lower chambers responsible for pumping blood out of the heart. During this procedure, a special dye is injected into the heart through a thin tube called a catheter. This dye helps to make the ventricles visible on X-ray images, allowing doctors to see how well the heart is functioning and to check for issues such as poor blood flow, heart damage, or structural problems. The images obtained from cardiac ventriculography can help in diagnosing heart conditions and planning appropriate treatments.

Ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses sound waves to create pictures of the inside of the body. During this procedure, a device called a transducer sends extremely fast sound waves into the body, and these waves bounce off tissues and organs. The returning sound waves are then captured and turned into images displayed on a screen. Ultrasonography is commonly used to examine organs, monitor pregnancies, and help certain medical procedures. It is a safe method that does not involve any surgery or needles and does not use radiation, making it a useful tool for evaluating various health conditions.

Dynamic posturography is a medical test used to evaluates balance and stability. During this test, a person stands on a platform that can move and is often surrounded by visual signals, like lights or screens. The platform measures how the person adjusts their posture and balance in response to these movements and changes in their environment. This helps doctors understand how well the different systems involved in balance, such as the inner ear, vision, and muscles, are working together. It is often used to diagnose and evaluate conditions related to dizziness, balance disorders, and walking problems.

Cytopathology refers to the process of examining and analyzing cells to diagnose diseases. During this procedure, cells are collected from body tissues or fluids, usually through methods like biopsies, Pap smears, or needle-based methods. These cells are then examined under a microscope to identify any abnormalities or signs of disease, such as cancer or infections. The examination focuses on the appearance, structure, and behavior of the cells to help doctors make accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatment decisions.

Encephalography is a medical imaging technique used to examine the brain. It involves creating images of the brain to check its structure and function. The process typically replaces the cerebrospinal fluid, which protects the brain and spinal cord, with air or another gas in the brain's cavities. This gas acts as a contrast substance during an X-ray, helping to produce clearer images of the brain. Encephalography helps doctors diagnose conditions such as tumors, bleeding, structural changes, or other abnormalities. This technique helps doctors understand brain function and plan appropriate treatments.

Tympanometry is a test used to evaluate the condition of the middle ear and how well it functions. During the test, a small device is placed in the ear canal, which changes air pressure and sends sound waves into the ear. This helps measure how the eardrum and middle ear respond to changes in pressure. Tympanometry is useful for finding problems such as fluid in the middle ear, holes in the eardrum, and issues with the middle ear bones. It provides information about the health of the ear and helps choose the appropriate treatment for hearing problems.

Prenatal diagnosis refers to medical tests and procedures performed during pregnancy to check for any potential health issues or conditions in the unborn baby. These tests can help identify problems early, such as genetic disorders, structural abnormalities, such as heart defects, or growth issues. This allows for better planning and management of the pregnancy. Prenatal diagnosis can include various methods such as ultrasounds, blood tests, and amniocentesis, which involves checking a small amount of fluid from around the baby for any problems. The goal is to ensure the baby's health and address any concerns before birth.

Genetic testing is a medical test that examines genes, the DNA that carries genetic information, to find changes or abnormalities that might cause or increase the risk of certain health conditions. This testing can identify genetic disorders, evaluate the risk of inherited diseases, or provide information about how an individual’s body might respond to specific treatments. The tests are typically performed using samples of blood, saliva, or other tissues. Results can help in diagnosing conditions, making appropriate treatment decisions, and understanding family health risks.

Palpation is a medical technique where a healthcare provider uses their hands to feel the body. This helps them check the size, shape, texture, and consistency of body parts, as well as detect any abnormalities. Palpation is commonly used to examine organs, muscles, and tissues to identify issues such as swelling, tenderness, or lumps. It is an essential part of a physical examination and helps decide the next steps for further examinations or treatment.

Diffuse optical imaging is a medical imaging technique that uses light to create images of tissues inside the body. It works by sending light into the tissue and measuring how it is spread and absorbed. This technique can help view and evaluate the characteristics of tissues, such as blood flow and oxygen levels, which is useful for diagnosing and monitoring various conditions. Diffuse optical imaging does not involve any surgery or needles and is often used in research and clinical settings to study brain function, cancer, and other medical conditions.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a type of MRI scan that helps see how water molecules move within tissues. By tracking the movement of water, this imaging technique provides detailed information about tissue structure and can help detect abnormalities. DWI is commonly used to identify conditions such as strokes, tumors, and other changes in tissue condition. It is particularly useful in evaluating areas of the brain and other soft tissues where normal water movement might be affected.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging is a medical and research technique that measures how long fluorescent light stays visible in tissues or cells after being hit by a light source. Instead of just looking at the brightness of the glow, this method tracks how long the light remains before fading. This can provide detailed information about the environment around the glowing molecules, such as changes in cellular health or tissue conditions. By analyzing how long the light lasts, scientists and doctors can learn more about various biological processes, identify abnormalities, and monitor how cells react to treatments.

An imaging agent, also known as a contrast agent or contrast medium, is a substance used in medical imaging to improve the visibility of specific areas or structures within the body. These agents are introduced into the body, often through injection or swallowing, to make certain tissues, organs, or blood vessels stand out more clearly on imaging scans like X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans. By improving the contrast between different tissues, imaging agents help doctors get more detailed and accurate images, which can help in diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions.

Bioluminescence imaging is a technique that uses light produced by living organisms to create images of biological processes inside a living organism. In this method, a special substance called a bioluminescent marker is used, this substance gives off light when it reacts with other substances. This light is captured by imaging tools to create pictures showing where and how biological processes are happening. It is often used in research to study diseases, track the progress of treatments, or understand cellular activities as they happen.

Calcium imaging is a method used to observe and measure changes in calcium levels within cells. Calcium is essential for various cell functions, including muscle tightening and nerve signaling. This technique involves using special dyes or sensors that react to calcium by changing color or glowing. Scientists add these dyes to cells or tissues, and as calcium levels rise and fall, the changes in the appearance of the dyes are captured in images. This helps researchers study cell activity and understand how calcium affects different body functions.

Microscopy is a technique used to see very small objects or details that cannot be seen without special equipment. It involves using a microscope, which is a device with lenses that magnify objects. In medical and scientific settings, microscopy allows researchers and doctors to examine cells, tissues, and microorganisms closely. This can help in diagnosing diseases, studying biological processes, and performing scientific research. The images produced by microscopes can reveal important details about the structure and function of the objects being studied.

Molecular imaging is a technique used to observe and measure molecular processes within the body. It involves using special imaging tools to see how molecules in tissues and organs behave and interact. This can help in diagnosing diseases, studying how diseases progress, and evaluating how well treatments are working. Molecular imaging provides detailed images that show not just the structure but also the activity and function of specific molecules, helping to understand biological processes at a molecular level.

A Papanicolaou smear, commonly known as a Pap test or Pap smear, is a test used to identify abnormal cells in the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. During the test, cells are gently scraped from the cervix and examined under a microscope. This test helps to find early signs of cervical cancer or cells that could become cancerous in the future, allowing for early treatment if needed. The Pap smear is an important part of routine gynecological care and can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer through early identification and treatment.

Ultrasound imaging, also known as sonography, is a medical technique that uses sound waves to create images of the inside of the body. During the procedure, a device called a transducer is placed on the skin, which sends out extremely fast sound waves. These waves bounce off internal structures and are then captured by the transducer and displayed as images on a screen as they happen. Ultrasound imaging is commonly used to view organs, tissues, and blood flow, as well as to monitor the development of a fetus during pregnancy. It is a safe method that does not involve any surgery or needles, helping doctors diagnose and evaluate various medical conditions.