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A major suit in card games like bridge refers to one of the two strongest suits in the deck: hearts and spades. These suits are ranked higher than the other two suits, diamonds and clubs, and are often more valuable in bidding and play. In bridge, a major suit typically has more points associated with it, and winning tricks in a major suit can earn a team more points than winning tricks in a minor suit. When a player bids a major suit, they are usually aiming for a higher number of tricks and a stronger hand.

A minor suit in card games like bridge refers to one of the two weaker suits in the deck: clubs and diamonds. These suits are ranked lower than the major suits, hearts and spades, and are often less valuable in terms of points. In bridge, bidding a minor suit generally means the player has a hand with fewer high-ranking cards, and the goal is often to win fewer tricks than when bidding a major suit. Winning tricks in a minor suit usually earns fewer points than in a major suit.

No-trump is a term used in card games like bridge to describe a situation where there is no designated trump suit. Normally, one suit is chosen as the trump, meaning its cards are stronger than the others. However, in no-trump, none of the suits have this special power. All suits are treated equally, and the player must rely on the strength of their hand without the advantage of a trump suit. Bidding no-trump often signals that a player has a balanced hand with high-ranking cards spread across different suits.

In card games like bridge, a rubber is a series of games played between two teams. To win a rubber, a team needs to win two games. Each game is made up of several hands, and the team that wins two games first wins the rubber. The rubber is a way to keep track of who is winning over a longer period of play, instead of just focusing on one game. It gives a team a chance to recover if they lose the first game, and the rubber winner is the team that wins the most games.

The Stayman convention is a way for a player to ask their partner if they have four cards in either hearts or spades after the partner has bid no-trump. The player does this by bidding clubs, which signals the question. If the partner has four cards in one of these suits, they will respond by bidding that suit. The goal is to determine if the partnership can play in a major suit, which can often lead to a better result than playing in no-trump.

A short suit in card games like bridge refers to a suit that a player holds with very few cards, usually two or fewer. Having a short suit can be both a disadvantage and an advantage. It may limit the player's ability to win tricks in that suit, but it can also be useful for forcing opponents to play higher cards in other suits or for creating a "void" where the player has no cards in a particular suit, allowing them to trump, or play a stronger suit, more effectively. A short suit is often important when making decisions during bidding and play.

An odd trick in card games like bridge refers to any trick won by the declarer’s side beyond the first six tricks. Since a contract in bridge is based on the number of tricks above six, the first six are not counted in scoring. For example, if the declarer wins nine tricks, three of these are considered odd tricks. These odd tricks determine whether the declarer fulfills their contract and how many points they score.

An overtrick in card games like bridge refers to any trick won by the declarer’s side beyond the number needed to fulfill their contract. For example, if the contract is to win nine tricks, but the declarer wins ten tricks, the extra one is an overtrick. Overtricks earn additional points, but they are usually less valuable than fulfilling the contract itself. However, in competitive play, overtricks can impact scoring and strategy, especially in duplicate bridge.

An undertrick in card games like bridge refers to any trick the declarer fails to win below the number required to fulfill their contract. For example, if the contract is to win nine tricks but the declarer wins only seven, the two missing tricks are undertricks. Each undertrick results in penalty points awarded to the defending side, with the severity of the penalty depending on various factors. Undertricks indicate that the declarer did not meet their bid.

A back run in card games, particularly in games like Pinochle, refers to a sequence of three or more consecutive cards in a suit, starting from a high card and working backward. For example, a back run might consist of the cards 10, 9, and 8 of hearts. In some card games, a back run can be valuable for scoring, as it represents a strong combination of cards that could help in taking tricks or fulfilling a specific bid. The exact role of a back run varies depending on the rules of the game being played.