A sculpture is a three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or carving materials such as wood, stone, metal, clay, or modern materials like plastic or resin. It can be realistic, abstract, or represent different subjects, such as people, animals, or objects. Sculptures serve as decorative pieces that add artistic value and style to a room or space with their form and presence. Some sculptures are meant to be viewed from all angles, while others are designed for specific perspectives.

What is a "sculpture"?

sculpture

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installation

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A statue is a three-dimensional artwork that represents a person, animal, or object. It is usually made from materials such as stone, metal, or wood, and is often created to honor individuals or convey artistic expression. Statues can vary in size and detail, and they are commonly placed in public spaces, gardens, or museums. They are designed to be seen from various angles and often serve as decorative or symbolic elements.

What is a "statue"?

statue

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monument

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abstract

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figurative

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landscape

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Still life is a type of artwork that shows non-living objects, often arranged in a specific way. These objects can include items like flowers, fruit, or everyday objects. The focus is on capturing the details, textures, and lighting of these objects, providing an opportunity for artists to explore shape, color, and form without the need for living subjects.

What is "still life"?

still life

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A portrait is a type of artwork that shows a person, typically focusing on their face and shoulders. This kind of image aims to capture the person's appearance and character, whether through realistic detail or artistic interpretation. Portraits can be created using various mediums like drawing, photography, or painting.

What is a "portrait"?

portrait

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A self-portrait is a type of artwork where an artist creates an image of themselves. This can be done in various forms, such as paintings, drawings, or photographs. Self-portraits often capture the artist's appearance, emotions, or personality and can range from realistic to abstract. They provide information about how the artist sees themselves or wants to be seen by others.

What is a "self-portrait"?

self-portrait

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drawing

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Illustration is a drawing or picture added to books, magazines, and other printed materials to help explain or improve the text. Illustrations make complex ideas easier to understand by providing visual context. They can show scenes, characters, or objects mentioned in the text and are often used in educational materials, storybooks, and articles. These images can range from simple line drawings to detailed and colorful artworks, depending on their purpose. Illustrations not only help understanding but also add visual interest to the publication.

What is an "illustration"?

illustration

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A poster is a large printed piece of paper or material used to display information, advertise, or promote something. It typically features eye-catching images, text, and graphics to communicate a message clearly and attract attention. Posters are commonly used for events, campaigns, or product promotions and are often displayed on walls, billboards, or in public spaces. They are designed to be visually striking and easy to read from a distance, making them effective for conveying important details to a broad audience.

What is a "poster"?

poster

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painting

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A canvas is a strong, heavy fabric made from cotton or linen, commonly used as a surface for painting. It is typically stretched tightly over a wooden frame, providing a strong and durable base for different types of paint, including oil and acrylic. Canvas is preferred by artists for its texture and longevity, allowing for detailed and expressive artwork. It comes in different weights and textures, suitable for various artistic needs.

What is a "canvas"?

canvas

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frame

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out of the blue

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black market

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The idiom "red tape" has its origins in 16th century England where legal documents were bound by red tape as a way of showing that they were official. This phrase is typically used to describe excessive bureaucracy or official procedures which can hinder or delay progress.

What is the origin of the idiom "red tape" and when to use it?

red tape

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The origin of the idiom "white lie" is rooted in the concept of a lie that is considered harmless or trivial. The term "white" in this context symbolizes purity, innocence, or a lack of malicious intent. The idiom refers to a lie told with good intentions, often to spare someone's feelings or maintain social harmony. This phrase suggests that the lie is not meant to cause harm or deceive, but rather to protect or benefit others in a small or inconsequential way.

What is the origin of the idiom "white lie" and when to use it?

white lie

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The idiom "white elephant" comes from Southeast Asian traditions, where owning a sacred white elephant was a mark of prestige—but the animal couldn't be put to work and required expensive upkeep. Kings would sometimes gift one to a rival as a financial burden.

What is the origin of the idiom "white elephant" and when to use it?

white elephant

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The idiom "gray area" is derived from the color gray, which is often associated with ambiguity and uncertainty. It has been used in the English language for many years to describe situations or issues that are not clearly defined, making it challenging to establish precise boundaries or categorize them definitively.

What is the origin of the idiom "gray area" and when to use it?

gray area

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black-and-white

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The idiom "red herring" originates from a technique used in training hunting dogs. A red herring is a smoked and strongly scented fish, and it was used to distract or divert the hounds from the scent of the actual prey during training. In a figurative sense, this expression is used to refer to something that is misleading or a distraction, diverting attention away from the real issue or problem at hand.

What is the origin of the idiom "red herring" and when to use it?

red herring

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Here you will find the vocabulary from Lesson 7B in the English File Advanced coursebook, such as "monument", "installation", "figurative", etc.

فایل انگلیسی پیشرفته "درس 7ب" واژگان