انگلیسی روزمره (واحد 8)

An allergy is a reaction by the immune system to something that is normally harmless to most people. These substances, called allergens, can trigger symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, runny nose, and skin rash. Common allergens include pollen, dust particles, pet dander, certain foods, and insect stings. Allergic reactions can range from mild to intense, and in some cases, they can be life-threatening. Treatment for allergies may include avoiding triggers, taking medications such as antihistamines or nasal sprays, and in serious cases, receiving allergy shots. It is important to identify and manage allergies to improve the quality of life and prevent serious complications.

A sprain is an injury to a ligament, which is the tissue that connects bones to each other in joints. It typically happens when a joint is forced beyond its normal range of motion, causing the ligament to stretch or tear. Sprains commonly occur in the ankles, wrists, or knees and can result in pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the injured joint. Depending on the seriousness, sprains may require rest, ice, compression, and elevation or medical attention such as physical therapy to fully recover.

Food poisoning is an illness that happens when you eat food contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins. It can cause symptoms such as stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. The symptoms can start soon after eating contaminated food or may take several hours or days to appear, depending on the type of germ involved. Most cases of food poisoning are mild and resolve on their own within a few days with rest and drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. However, in severe cases, medical attention may be needed to prevent dehydration or complications.

A fever occurs when the body's temperature rises above its normal range, typically in response to an infection or illness. This increase in temperature helps the body fight off the infection by making it harder for bacteria and viruses to survive. Common symptoms of a fever include feeling hot, sweating, chills or shivering, headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue. In most cases, a fever is not dangerous and can be managed at home with rest, plenty of fluids, and over-the-counter medications to reduce discomfort. However, if a fever lasts for more than a few days, is very high, or is accompanied by intense symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention.

The gland is an organ in the body that plays a crucial role in the endocrine system by producing and releasing hormones into the bloodstream. Endocrine glands, such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands, secrete hormones that regulate and coordinate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. These hormones act as chemical messengers, traveling through the bloodstream to target cells or organs, where they exert their specific effects. Glands of the endocrine system work together to maintain hormonal balance and ensure the proper functioning of the body's physiological processes.