واحد 4 - درس 1

An engine is a machine that converts fuel into power to make a vehicle run. In most vehicles, the engine burns fuel, such as gasoline or diesel, to create energy. This energy is then used to move parts like pistons, which turn the wheels. The engine is often considered the heart of a vehicle because it powers all its movements. The performance of the engine, such as how efficiently it uses fuel and how much power it produces, directly affects how well the vehicle runs.

A hood is the hinged cover that rests over the engine compartment of a vehicle. It can be lifted to provide access to the engine, battery, and other vital components for maintenance or repairs. The hood is typically made of metal or lightweight materials and helps protect the engine from dirt, debris, and weather conditions. It also contributes to the vehicle's overall appearance, with different designs depending on the make and model. In some vehicles, the hood is equipped with safety features such as a latch to ensure it stays closed while driving.

A windshield wiper is a device on a vehicle that moves back and forth across the windshield to clear away rain, snow, or debris, improving the driver’s visibility. It is powered by a motor and is controlled by the driver using a switch inside the vehicle. Windshield wipers work in combination with windshield washer fluid, which helps to clean the glass more effectively. The wiper blades are typically made of rubber and can be replaced when they wear out to ensure they work properly.

A sunroof is a panel on the roof of a car that can be opened to let in fresh air and sunlight. It can be made of glass or metal and may slide, tilt, or be completely removed, depending on the design. Some sunroofs are manually operated, while others use a button or switch for automatic movement. They provide ventilation and an open-air feel without fully exposing the interior like a convertible.

A trunk is the enclosed space at the back of a vehicle used for storing items. It is typically found in cars and is accessed by opening a lid or hatch. The trunk can hold various things, such as luggage, groceries, or tools, and is designed to keep items secure and out of sight while driving. Some trunks are spacious, while others are smaller, depending on the size of the vehicle. In larger vehicles like SUVs, the trunk space is often referred to as the cargo area and may include additional storage options.

A tail light is a light located at the rear of a vehicle, used to signal the presence and movements of the vehicle to other drivers. It typically includes red lights that activate when the vehicle is in use, especially when the vehicle is braking or turning. Tail lights help make the vehicle visible at night or in low-light conditions, ensuring safety on the road. Some vehicles also have additional lights within the tail light, like brake lights and turn signals, to show the driver's actions.

A turn signal is a light on a vehicle that indicates the driver’s intention to turn or change lanes. It is activated by a lever, typically located near the steering wheel, which makes the signal flash on and off. The turn signal helps other drivers understand the vehicle’s movements, improving safety by providing clear communication. It can be used to signal a left or right turn or a lane change. The turn signal should be used in advance of making a turn or changing lanes to give other drivers time to react.

A bumper is a protective part of a vehicle located at the front and rear, designed to absorb impact in case of a crash. It helps reduce damage to the vehicle by absorbing some of the force during a crash. Bumpers are typically made of plastic, metal, or fiberglass and may include additional features like lights or sensors. They are important for safety, as they help protect both the vehicle and its passengers from minor accidents, and they also improve the vehicle's overall durability.

A tire is a rubber covering that fits around a vehicle's wheel. It provides grip on the road, helping the vehicle stay in control while moving. Tires are filled with air to cushion the vehicle, which makes the ride smoother and reduces the impact from bumps or rough surfaces. They come in different sizes and types depending on the vehicle and driving conditions. Tires also help with braking by providing friction when the brakes are applied. Without tires, vehicles would not be able to move safely or efficiently.

A steering wheel is a circular device in a vehicle that allows the driver to control the direction of the vehicle. By turning the steering wheel, the driver can guide the wheels to go left or right. It is an essential part of a vehicle's control system, enabling the driver to steer and navigate the vehicle safely. The steering wheel is usually located in front of the driver and is connected to the vehicle's steering mechanism.

A horn is a device in a vehicle used to make a loud noise, typically to alert other drivers or pedestrians of the vehicle's presence or to warn of potential danger. The horn is usually activated by pressing a button or pad on the steering wheel. It is a key safety feature, helping drivers communicate and avoid accidents, especially in situations where visibility is poor or when another driver might not be aware of the vehicle’s approach.

The dashboard is the control panel located in front of the driver inside a vehicle. It displays important information like speed, fuel level, temperature, and warning lights. The dashboard also houses controls for various functions, such as air conditioning, lights, and the stereo. It helps the driver monitor the vehicle's performance and operate it safely.

The gas pedal is a foot-controlled pedal in a vehicle that controls the speed of the engine. Pressing the pedal sends more fuel to the engine, making the vehicle go faster, while releasing it slows the vehicle down. It is usually located on the right side of the driver's foot area, next to the brake pedal. The gas pedal is a key part of controlling the vehicle's movement and speed.

The brake pedal is a foot-operated control in a vehicle used to slow down or stop the vehicle. Pressing the brake pedal activates the braking system, which applies force to the wheels, reducing their speed. The brake pedal is typically located to the left of the accelerator pedal and is an essential part of controlling the vehicle's speed, helping to ensure safety on the road.

A rearview mirror is a mirror inside a vehicle that allows the driver to see the area behind the vehicle. It is typically mounted on the windshield and can be adjusted to provide a clear view of traffic or obstacles behind. The rearview mirror helps drivers make safer driving decisions, such as when changing lanes or reversing. Some rearview mirrors also have features like auto-dimming to reduce glare from headlights behind the vehicle, enhancing visibility and comfort.