قیدهای ربطی

nonetheless

قید

/nən.ðə.lɛs/ or /نِن.دِ.لِس/

n

n

ن

o

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

e

th

ð

ذ

e

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

e

ɛ

اِ

ss

s

س

(با این حال)

با این وجود

used to indicate that despite a previous statement or situation, something else remains true

otherwise

قید

/ʌ.ðər.waɪz/ or /آ.دِر.وایز/

o

ə

اِ

th

ð

ذ

e

ɜ

اِ

r

r

ر

w

w

و

i

aɪ

آای~اِ

s

z

ز

e

(وگرنه)

در غیر این صورت

used to refer to the outcome of a situation if the circumstances were different

consequently

قید

/kɑn.sək.wɛnt.li/ or /کان.سِک.وِنت.لی/

c

k

ک

o

ɑ

آ

n

n

ن

s

s

س

e

ə

اِ

q

k

ک

u

w

و

e

ɛ

اِ

n

n

ن

t

t

ت

l

l

ل

y

i

ای

در نتیجه

used to indicate a logical result or effect

hence

قید

/hɛns/ or /هِنس/

h

h

ه

e

ɛ

اِ

n

n

ن

c

s

س

e

(بنابراین)

از این رو

used to say that one thing is a result of another

thus

قید

/ðəs/ or /دِس/

th

ð

ذ

u

ə

اِ

s

s

س

(بدین ترتیب)

بنابراین

used to introduce a result based on the information or actions that came before

likewise

قید

/laɪk.waɪz/ or /لایک.وایز/

l

l

ل

i

aɪ

آای~اِ

k

k

ک

e

w

w

و

i

aɪ

آای~اِ

s

z

ز

e

(نیز)

همچنین

used when introducing additional information to a statement that has just been made

in contrast

قید

/ɪn ɔːɹ baɪ kˈɑːntɹæst/

(در عوض)

در مقابل

Collocation

used to highlight the differences between two or more things or people

on the other (hand)

قید

/ɑːnðɪ ˈʌðɚ hˈænd ɔːɹ/

(از دیدگاه دیگری)

از طرف دیگر

Collocation

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

in comparison

قید

/ɪn ɔːɹ baɪ kəmpˈæɹɪsən/

در مقایسه

Collocation

used to highlight differences or similarities when comparing two or more things or people

in conclusion

قید

/ɪn kənklˈuːʒən/

در کل

Collocation

used to signal the end of a discussion or presentation by summarizing the main points

in summary

قید

/ɪn sˈʌmɚɹi/

به‌طور خلاصه

Collocation

used to provide a brief and straightforward explanation of the main points or ideas

on the contrary

قید

/ɑːnðə kˈɑːntɹɛɹi/

برخلاف انتظارات

Collocation

used to indicate that the opposite or a different viewpoint is true in response to a previous statement

conversely

قید

/kɑn.vɜr.sli/ or /کان.وِر.اِسلی/

c

k

ک

o

ɑ

آ

n

n

ن

v

v

و

e

ɜ

اِ

r

r

ر

s

s

س

e

l

l

ل

y

i

ای

(از طرفی دیگر)

از سوی دیگر

in a way that is different from what has been mentioned

namely

قید

/neɪm.li/ or /نِیم.لی/

n

n

ن

a

eɪ

اِای~اِ

m

m

م

e

l

l

ل

y

i

ای

(مثلاً)

برای مثال

used to give more specific information or examples regarding what has just been mentioned