Biology

culture

اسم

/kʌl.ʧər/ or /کال.چِر/

c

k

ک

u

ʌ

آ

l

l

ل

t

ʧ

چ

u

ə

اِ

r

r

ر

e

(کشت)

پرورش

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

metabolic

صفت

/mɛ.tə.bɑ.lɪk/ or /مِ.تِ.با.لیک/

m

m

م

e

ɛ

اِ

t

t

ت

a

ə

اِ

b

b

ب

o

ɑ

آ

l

l

ل

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

c

k

ک

(متابولیزم)

متابولیک

relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

specimen

اسم

/spɛ.sə.mən/ or /اِسپِ.سِ.مِن/

s

s

س

p

p

پ

e

ɛ

اِ

c

s

س

i

ə

اِ

m

m

م

e

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

(مدل)

نمونه

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

genus

اسم

/ʤi.nəs/ or /جی.نِس/

g

ʤ

ج

e

i

ای

n

n

ن

u

ə

اِ

s

s

س

جنس (زیست‌شناسی)

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

strain

اسم

/streɪn/ or /اِسترِین/

s

s

س

t

t

ت

r

r

ر

ai

eɪ

اِای~اِ

n

n

ن

(سویه)

نوع

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

to excrete

فعل

/ɪksk.rit/ or /ایکسک.ریت/

e

ɪ

ای~اِ

x

ks

کس

c

k

ک

r

r

ر

e

i

ای

t

t

ت

e

(اخراج کردن)

ترشح کردن

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

eukaryote

اسم

/ju:.ka.rɪoʊt/ or /یو.کا.ریُوت/

eu

ju:

یاو

k

k

ک

a

a

آ

r

r

ر

y

ɪ

ای~اِ

o

oʊ

اُاو~اُ

t

t

ت

e

یوکاریوت

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

asexual reproduction

اسم

/eɪsˈɛkʃuːəl ɹɪpɹədˈʌkʃən/

(تولید مثل آبدار)

تولید مثل غیرجنسی

a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism

meiosis

اسم

/maɪoʊss/ or /مایُوسس/

m

m

م

eio

aɪoʊ

آای~اِاُاو~اُ

s

s

س

i

s

s

س

(میتوز جنسی)

میوز

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

interphase

اسم

/ɪn.tər.feɪz/ or /این.تِر.فِیز/

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

n

n

ن

t

t

ت

e

ə

اِ

r

r

ر

ph

f

ف

a

eɪ

اِای~اِ

s

z

ز

e

(مرحله میان‌دستی)

اینترفاز

the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions

prophase

اسم

/proʊ.feɪz/ or /پرُو.فِیز/

p

p

پ

r

r

ر

o

ɑ:

آ

ph

f

ف

a

eɪ

اِای~اِ

s

z

ز

e

(پروتوفاز)

پروphase

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

metaphase

اسم

/mɛ.tə.feɪz/ or /مِ.تِ.فِیز/

m

m

م

e

ɛ

اِ

t

t

ت

a

ə

اِ

ph

f

ف

a

eɪ

اِای~اِ

s

z

ز

e

(مرحله متافاز)

متافاز

the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells

anaphase

اسم

/æ.na.feɪz/ or /اَ.نا.فِیز/

a

æ

اَ

n

n

ن

a

a

آ

ph

f

ف

a

eɪ

اِای~اِ

s

z

ز

e

(مرحله آنافاز)

آنافاز

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

telophase

اسم

/tɛ.lə.feɪz/ or /تِ.لِ.فِیز/

t

t

ت

e

ɛ

اِ

l

l

ل

o

ə

اِ

ph

f

ف

a

eɪ

اِای~اِ

s

z

ز

e

(پایان‌فاز)

تلوفاز

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

to biodegrade

فعل

/baɪoʊ.dɪg.reɪd/ or /بایُو.دیگ.رِید/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آای~اِاُاو~اُ

d

d

د

e

ɪ

ای~اِ

g

g

گ

r

r

ر

a

eɪ

اِای~اِ

d

d

د

e

(زیست‌تجزیه کردن)

زیست‌تجزیه شدن

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biomolecule

اسم

/baɪoʊ.mɑ.lə.kjul/ or /بایُو.ما.لِ.کیول/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آای~اِاُاو~اُ

m

m

م

o

ɑ:

آ

l

l

ل

e

ɪ

ای~اِ

c

k

ک

u

ju:

یاو

l

l

ل

e

(مولکول زیستی)

بیومولکول

any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

bioinformatics

اسم

/baɪoʊ.ɪn.fɜr.mæ.tɪks/ or /بایُو.این.فِر.مَ.تیکس/

b

b

ب

ioi

aɪoʊɪ

آای~اِاُاو~اُای~اِ

n

n

ن

f

f

ف

o

ɔ:

آ~اُ

r

r

ر

m

m

م

a

æ

اَ

t

t

ت

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

c

k

ک

s

s

س

(زیانفورماتیک)

بیوانفورماتیک

a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data

biocompatible

صفت

/baɪoʊ.kəm.pæ.tə.bəl/ or /بایُو.کِم.پَ.تِ.بِل/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آای~اِاُاو~اُ

c

k

ک

o

ə

اِ

m

m

م

p

p

پ

a

æ

اَ

t

t

ت

i

ə

اِ

b

b

ب

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

e

(پذیرا در زیست)

زیست سازگار

not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems

biometrics

اسم

/baɪoʊ.mɛt.rɪks/ or /بایُو.مِت.ریکس/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آای~اِاُاو~اُ

m

m

م

e

e

اِ

t

t

ت

r

r

ر

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

c

k

ک

s

s

س

(بیوانفورماتیک)

زیست‌سنجی

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

microbiology

اسم

/maɪk.roʊ.baɪɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /مایک.رُو.بایا.لِ.جی/

m

m

م

i

aɪ

آای~اِ

c

k

ک

r

r

ر

o

ə

اِ

b

b

ب

io

aɪɑ

آای~اِآ

l

l

ل

o

ə

اِ

g

ʤ

ج

y

i

ای

زیست‌شناسی

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

physiologist

اسم

/fɪ.ziɑ.lə.ʤɪst/ or /فی.زیا.لِ.جیست/

ph

f

ف

y

ɪ

ای~اِ

s

z

ز

io

iɑ

ایآ

l

l

ل

o

ə

اِ

g

ʤ

ج

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

s

s

س

t

t

ت

(زیست‌شناس)

فیزیولوژیست

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

ecotourism

اسم

/ɛ.koʊ.tʊ.rɪ.zəm/ or /اِ.کُو.تو.ری.زِم/

e

ɛ

اِ

c

k

ک

o

ə

اِ

t

t

ت

ou

ʊ

او~اُ

r

r

ر

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

s

z

ز

ə

اِ

m

m

م

(اکوتوریسم)

طبیعت‌گردی

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

biomimicry

اسم

/baɪoʊ.mɪ.mɪk.ri/ or /بایُو.می.میک.ری/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آای~اِاُاو~اُ

m

m

م

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

m

m

م

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

c

k

ک

r

r

ر

y

i

ای

(الهام‌گیری از طبیعت)

بیومیمیکری

an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

mucus

اسم

/mju.kəs/ or /میو.کِس/

m

m

م

u

ju

یاو

c

k

ک

u

ə

اِ

s

s

س

(مخاط)

خلط

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

virion

اسم

/vɪ.riən/ or /وی.ریِن/

v

v

و

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

r

r

ر

io

iə

ایاِ

n

n

ن

(ذره ویروس)

ویریون

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

conditioning

اسم

/kən.dɪ.ʃə.nɪng/ or /کِن.دی.شِ.نینگ/

c

k

ک

o

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

d

d

د

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

t

ʃ

ش

io

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

n

n

ن

g

g

گ

(کارکردیابی)

شرایطیابی

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

gamete

اسم

/gæ.mit/ or /گَ.میت/

g

g

گ

a

æ

اَ

m

m

م

e

i

ای

t

t

ت

e

(سلول جنسی)

گامت

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

microbiome

اسم

/maɪk.roʊ.bɪoʊm/ or /مایک.رُو.بیُوم/

m

m

م

i

aɪ

آای~اِ

c

k

ک

r

r

ر

o

oʊ

اُاو~اُ

b

b

ب

io

ɪoʊ

ای~اِاُاو~اُ

m

m

م

e

(مجموعه میکروارگانیسم‌ها)

میکروبیوم

the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

anthropogenic

صفت

/ænθ.rə.pə.ʤɛ.nɪk/ or /اَنت.رِ.پِ.جِ.نیک/

a

æ

اَ

n

n

ن

th

θ

ث

r

r

ر

o

ə

اِ

p

p

پ

o

ə

اِ

g

ʤ

ج

e

ɛ

اِ

n

n

ن

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

c

k

ک

(تأثیرات انسانی)

انسان‌ساخته

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

motility

اسم

/moʊ.tɪ.lɪ.ti/ or /مُو.تی.لی.تی/

m

m

م

o

oʊ

اُاو~اُ

t

t

ت

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

l

l

ل

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

t

t

ت

y

i

ای

(حرکت پذیری)

تحرک

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

protist

اسم

/prɑ:.tɪst/ or /پرا.تیست/

p

p

پ

r

r

ر

o

ɑ:

آ

t

t

ت

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

s

s

س

t

t

ت

(جاندار یک‌سلولی)

پروتیست

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

homologous

صفت

/hɑ.mɑ.lə.gəs/ or /ها.ما.لِ.گِس/

h

h

ه

o

ɑ

آ

m

m

م

o

ɑ

آ

l

l

ل

o

ə

اِ

g

g

گ

ou

ə

اِ

s

s

س

متشابه

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

bioluminescence

اسم

/baɪoʊ.lu.mə.nɛs.əns/ or /بایُو.لو.مِ.نِس.اِنس/

b

b

ب

io

aɪoʊ

آای~اِاُاو~اُ

l

l

ل

u

u:

او

m

m

م

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

n

n

ن

e

ɛ

اِ

s

s

س

c

e

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

c

s

س

e

(نورزیستی)

زیست‌نور

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

hydroid

اسم

/haɪd.rɔɪd/ or /هاید.رُید/

h

h

ه

y

aɪ

آای~اِ

d

d

د

r

r

ر

oi

ɔɪ

آ~اُای~اِ

d

d

د

(هیدروئید)

هیدرود

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

transdifferentiation

اسم

/træns.dɪ.fə.rɛn.ʃɪeɪ.ʃən/ or /ترَنس.دی.فِ.رِن.شیِی.شِن/

t

t

ت

r

r

ر

a

æ

اَ

n

n

ن

s

s

س

d

d

د

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

ff

f

ف

e

ə

اِ

r

r

ر

e

ɛ

اِ

n

n

ن

t

ʃ

ش

ia

ɪeɪ

ای~اِاِای~اِ

t

ʃ

ش

io

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

(ترنس‌دیفرانسیاسیون)

تبدیل متفاوت

the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type

mycelium

اسم

/maɪ.si:.liəm/ or /مای.سی.لیِم/

m

m

م

y

aɪ

آای~اِ

c

s

س

e

i:

ای

l

l

ل

iu

iə

ایاِ

m

m

م

(رشته‌زبه)

میسیلیوم

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

mutualist

صفت

/mju:.ʧu:ə.lɪst/ or /میو.چوِ.لیست/

m

m

م

u

ju:

یاو

t

ʧ

چ

u

u:

او

a

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

s

s

س

t

t

ت

(همزیست)

متقابل

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

commensal

صفت

/kə.mɛn.səl/ or /کِ.مِن.سِل/

c

k

ک

o

ə

اِ

mm

m

م

e

ɛ

اِ

n

n

ن

s

s

س

a

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

(تعلق به همزیستی)

همزیستی

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

mycorrhiza

اسم

/maɪ.kər.aɪ.zə/ or /مای.کِر.آی.زِ/

m

m

م

y

aɪ

آای~اِ

c

k

ک

o

ə

اِ

rr

r

ر

h

i

aɪ

آای~اِ

z

z

ز

a

ə

اِ

(همزیستی قارچی-ریشه)

مایکوریزا

a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

to assimilate

فعل

/ə.sɪ.mə.leɪt/ or /اِ.سی.مِ.لِیت/

a

ə

اِ

ss

s

س

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

m

m

م

i

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

a

eɪ

اِای~اِ

t

t

ت

e

(سازگار کردن)

جذب کردن

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

spore

اسم

/spɔr/ or /اِسپُر/

s

s

س

p

p

پ

o

ɔ

آ~اُ

r

r

ر

e

(دانه قابل تکثیر)

اسپور

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

biomass

اسم

/baɪoʊ.mæs/ or /بایُو.مَس/

b

b

ب

io

aɪə

آای~اِاِ

m

m

م

a

æ

اَ

ss

s

س

(توده‌زیستی)

زیست‌كتل (biomass)

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

taxonomy

اسم

/tæk.sɔ.nə.mi/ or /تَک.سُ.نِ.می/

t

t

ت

a

æ

اَ

x

ks

کس

o

ɔ

آ~اُ

n

n

ن

o

ə

اِ

m

m

م

y

i

ای

(طبقه‌بندی)

زیست‌نوشت‌شناسی

the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics

petri dish

اسم

/pˈɛtɹi dˈɪʃ/

(پتری)

پتری دیش

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

agar

اسم

/eɪ.gɜr/ or /اِی.گِر/

a

eɪ

اِای~اِ

g

g

گ

a

ɜ

اِ

r

r

ر

(ژل آگار)

آگار

a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods

cosmology

اسم

/kɔz.mɔ.lə.ʤi/ or /کُز.مُ.لِ.جی/

c

k

ک

o

ɔ

آ~اُ

s

z

ز

m

m

م

o

ɔ

آ~اُ

l

l

ل

o

ə

اِ

g

ʤ

ج

y

i

ای

کیهان‌شناسی

the study of the beginning and characteristic of the universe

virulent

صفت

/vɪ.rə.lənt/ or /وی.رِ.لِنت/

v

v

و

i

ɪ

ای~اِ

r

r

ر

u

ə

اِ

l

l

ل

e

ə

اِ

n

n

ن

t

t

ت

(مهلک)

زهرآگین

extremely venomous and effective

decomposition

اسم

/ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən/, /ˌdikəmpoʊˈzɪʃən/

(فاسد شدن)

تجزیه

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

substrate

اسم

/səbs.treɪt/ or /سِبس.ترِیت/

s

s

س

u

ə

اِ

b

b

ب

s

s

س

t

t

ت

r

r

ر

a

eɪ

اِای~اِ

t

t

ت

e

(پایه)

زیرلایه

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds