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Biology

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خروج
1-
organism
2-
growth medium
3-
culture
4-
metabolism
5-
specimen
6-
strain
7-
to secrete
8-
to excrete
9-
eukaryote
10-
asexual reproduction
11-
meiosis
12-
mitosis
13-
interphase
14-
prophase
15-
metaphase
16-
anaphase
17-
telophase
18-
to biodegrade
19-
biomolecule
20-
biodiversity
21-
bioinformatics
22-
biocompatible
23-
biometrics
24-
mucus
25-
microbiology
26-
virion
27-
conditioning
28-
nutrient
29-
biomimicry
30-
gamete
31-
microbiome
32-
ecology
33-
anthropogenic
34-
ecotourism
35-
motility
36-
protist
37-
homologous
38-
bioluminescence
39-
hydroid
40-
transdifferentiation
41-
mycelium
42-
mutualist
43-
commensal
44-
mycorrhiza
45-
to assimilate
46-
spore
47-
biomass
48-
taxonomic
49-
petri dish
50-
agar
51-
cosmology
52-
virulent
53-
decomposition
54-
prokaryotic
55-
substrate
56-
excitatory
57-
fission yeast
58-
adaptation
59-
ameba
60-
physiologist
61-
genus
organism
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(اندامگان، موجود زنده، ارگانیسم)

(اندامگان، موجود زنده، ارگانیسم)

جاندار

flag
/ˈɔɹɡəˌnɪzəm/
اسم

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

synonymbeing
example
مثال
click on words
Microscopic organisms like bacteria play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and decomposition.
A single-celled organism, such as an amoeba, can exhibit complex behaviors.
The pond ecosystem is home to a variety of organisms, including fish, algae, and bacteria.
organism
growth medium
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(ماده کشت)

(ماده کشت)

محیط کشت

flag
/ɡɹˈoʊθ mˈiːdiəm/
اسم

a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms

example
مثال
click on words
The lab used a growth medium to cultivate the bacteria.
They adjusted the growth medium to support optimal plant development.
The growth medium must be sterile to prevent contamination.
culture
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(کشت سلولی)

(کشت سلولی)

کشت

flag
/ˈkəɫtʃɝ/
اسم

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

example
مثال
click on words
Cell culture is essential in pharmaceutical research to produce vaccines and study cell behavior in controlled environments.
Microbiologists use agar plates to culture bacteria for studying their growth and characteristics.
Aquarists maintain cultures of microorganisms to feed to fish and other aquatic organisms in aquariums.
metabolism
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(سوخت‌وساز (بدن))

(سوخت‌وساز (بدن))

متابولیسم

flag
/məˈtæbəˌɫɪzəm/
اسم

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

synonymmetabolic process
example
مثال
click on words
Metabolism involves various biochemical reactions that convert nutrients from food into energy.
Regular exercise can boost metabolism, helping to burn calories more efficiently.
The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by producing hormones that control metabolic rate.
What is "metabolism"?

Metabolism refers to the complex set of biochemical processes that occur within cells to convert nutrients into energy and essential molecules for growth, repair, and maintenance. It encompasses both the breakdown of substances (catabolism) to release energy and the synthesis of molecules (anabolism) to build and maintain cellular structures. Metabolism influences the body's energy expenditure, regulation of body weight, hormone production, and overall physiological functioning. It is regulated by various factors, including genetics, age, diet, physical activity, and hormonal balance. Metabolism is a vital process that supports the body's basic functions and is closely linked to overall health and well-being.

specimen
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نمونه (آزمایش)

نمونه (آزمایش)

flag
/ˈspɛsəmən/
اسم

a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination

example
مثال
click on words
The nurse collected a urine specimen from the patient for laboratory analysis.
A blood specimen was sent to the laboratory for testing to determine the patient's cholesterol levels.
The forensic team analyzed the blood specimens found at the crime scene to identify potential suspects.
strain
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(نوع)

(نوع)

سویه

flag
/ˈstɹeɪn/
اسم

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

synonymform
synonymvar.
synonymvariant
example
مثال
click on words
Researchers study bacterial strains to understand antibiotic resistance and develop effective treatments.
Viral strain identification is crucial for developing vaccines that target specific variations of viruses.
Plant breeders select for strains of crops that are resistant to pests or have higher yields.
to secrete
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ترشح کردن

ترشح کردن

flag
/sɪˈkɹit/
اسم

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

synonymrelease
example
مثال
click on words
The pancreas secretes insulin, regulating blood sugar levels in the body.

اطلاعات دستوری:

متعدی
to secrete
to excrete
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(پرتاب کردن)

(پرتاب کردن)

از بین بردن

flag
/ɪksˈkɹit/
اسم

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

synonymegest
synonymeliminate
synonympass
example
مثال
click on words
The kidneys excrete excess water and waste products from the bloodstream.
Marine organisms excrete ammonia as a way to rid their bodies of nitrogenous waste.
The liver excretes bile into the digestive system to aid in the breakdown of fats.
eukaryote
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یوکاریوت

یوکاریوت

flag
/jˈuːkɐɹɪˌoʊt/
اسم

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

antonymprokaryote
example
مثال
click on words
Plants, with their roots, stems, and leaves, are examples of eukaryotes.
Fungi, like mushrooms and molds, belong to the eukaryote group due to their cellular structure.
asexual reproduction
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(تولید مثل غیرجنسی)

(تولید مثل غیرجنسی)

تولید مثل غیرجنسی

flag
/eɪsˈɛkʃuːəl ɹɪpɹədˈʌkʃən/
اسم

a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism

synonymagamogenesis

اطلاعات دستوری:

اسم مرکب
meiosis
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مِیوز

مِیوز

flag
/maɪˈoʊsəs/
اسم

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

synonymmiosis
synonymreduction division
example
مثال
click on words
Meiosis ensures genetic diversity by creating haploid cells with unique combinations of chromosomes.
Meiosis helps maintain a stable chromosome number across generations by halving the number of chromosomes in gametes.
The process of meiosis involves two consecutive divisions, resulting in four non-identical haploid cells.
mitosis
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میتوز

میتوز

flag
/maɪtˈoʊsɪs/
اسم

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

example
مثال
click on words
Mitosis is essential for the growth and development of multicellular organisms, as it results in the production of new cells.
In asexual reproduction, organisms reproduce through mitosis, giving rise to genetically identical offspring.
Mitosis is a fundamental process in tissue repair, allowing damaged cells to be replaced with identical copies through cell division.
interphase
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(فاز بینامد)

(فاز بینامد)

اینترفاز

flag
/ˌɪntɚfˈeɪz/
اسم

the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions

prophase
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پرفاز

پرفاز

flag
/pɹˈɑːfeɪz/
اسم

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

example
مثال
click on words
Microtubules grow from the centrosomes during prophase to form the mitotic spindle.
The centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell during prophase to organize the spindle fibers.
During prophase, the duplicated chromosomes become visible under a microscope as they condense.
metaphase
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متافاز

متافاز

flag
/mˌɛɾəfˈeɪz/
اسم

the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs along the equator of the cell, preparing for their separation into haploid daughter cells

example
مثال
click on words
The spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each homologous chromosome pair during metaphase I.
During metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and align at the metaphase plate.
Metaphase II in meiosis follows after the first division, aligning chromatids at the metaphase plate for separation into individual chromosomes.
anaphase
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آنافاز

آنافاز

flag
/ˈænɐfˌeɪz/
اسم

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

example
مثال
click on words
During anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell.
The separation of chromosomes in anaphase is a critical step in maintaining genetic stability during cell division.
Spindle fibers shorten and pull chromatids apart during anaphase, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
telophase
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(تلوفاز I)

(تلوفاز I)

تلوفاز

flag
/tˈɛləfˌeɪz/
اسم

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

example
مثال
click on words
Cytokinesis typically follows telophase I, dividing the cell into two haploid daughter cells.
The genetic material is distributed evenly among daughter cells during telophase, ensuring each cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
Chromosomes begin to decondense back into chromatin during telophase I, marking the end of the first division.
to biodegrade
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(پوسیدن)

(پوسیدن)

تجزیه‌پذیر بودن

flag
/bˌaɪoʊdɪɡɹˈeɪd/
اسم

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

example
مثال
click on words
Bacteria in wastewater treatment plants biodegrade organic pollutants, purifying the water.
Leaves and branches in forests biodegrade over time, returning nutrients to the soil.
Biodegradable packaging materials gradually biodegrade in landfills, reducing environmental impact.
biomolecule
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(مولکول زیستی)

(مولکول زیستی)

بیومولکول

flag
/bˌaɪoʊmˈɑːlɪkjˌuːl/
اسم

any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

biodiversity
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تنوع زیستی

تنوع زیستی

flag
/ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɝsəti/
اسم

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

example
مثال
click on words
The loss of biodiversity due to deforestation has significant impacts on global climate patterns.
The rainforest is known for its rich biodiversity, housing countless species of flora and fauna.
Preserving biodiversity is crucial for maintaining the balance of natural ecosystems.
biodiversity
bioinformatics
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(اطلاعات زیستی)

(اطلاعات زیستی)

زیست‌داده‌نگاری

flag
/bˌaɪoʊɪnfɔːɹmˈæɾɪks/
اسم

a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data

biocompatible
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(زیست‌سازگاری)

(زیست‌سازگاری)

زیست‌سازگار

flag
/bˌaɪoʊkəmpˈæɾəbəl/
اسم

not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems

biometrics
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(زیست‌سنجی شناختی)

(زیست‌سنجی شناختی)

زیست‌سنجی

flag
/bˌaɪoʊˈmetɹɪks/
اسم

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

synonymbiometry
synonymbiostatistics
example
مثال
click on words
Researchers apply biometrics to study animal behavior patterns through quantitative analysis of movement and interaction.
Biometrics in biology uses statistical methods to analyze genetic variations among different populations.
The field of biometrics extends statistical techniques to analyze biological data for medical diagnostics and disease prediction.
mucus
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(مخاط)

(مخاط)

خلط

flag
/ˈmjukəs/
اسم

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

synonymmucous secretion
example
مثال
click on words
The swimmer coughed up mucus after spending hours in the chlorinated pool, irritating her respiratory system.
When you have a cold, your body produces excess mucus to help trap and expel harmful viruses and bacteria.
Allergies can cause the body to produce excess mucus, leading to nasal congestion and post-nasal drip.
What is "mucus"?

Mucus is a viscous and slippery substance produced by the mucous membranes lining various organs and passages. It acts as a protective and lubricating layer, particularly in the respiratory and digestive systems. Mucus helps to trap and remove foreign particles, such as dust and pathogens, preventing them from reaching sensitive tissues. In the respiratory system, mucus plays a vital role in moistening and protecting the airways, facilitating efficient breathing. In the digestive system, mucus aids in the smooth passage of food and protects the stomach lining from digestive acids. Mucus production can increase during illness or inflammation, leading to symptoms like congestion or a runny nose.

microbiology
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زیست‌شناسی

زیست‌شناسی

flag
/ˌmaɪkɹəˌbaɪˈɑɫədʒi/, /ˌmaɪkɹoʊˌbaɪˈɑɫədʒi/
اسم

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

virion
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(ذره ویروس)

(ذره ویروس)

ویریون

flag
/vˈɪɹiən/
اسم

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

example
مثال
click on words
HIV virions bud from host cells, incorporating host membrane proteins into their envelope.
Virions attach to host cells and inject their genetic material to initiate infection.
Electron microscopy allows scientists to visualize the structure of a virion at high magnification.
conditioning
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(آموزش)

(آموزش)

شرط بندی

flag
/kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/
اسم

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

example
مثال
click on words
Social conditioning refers to the influence of societal norms and expectations on individual behavior and beliefs.
Athletes undergo physical conditioning to improve strength, endurance, and overall performance.
Behavior conditioning in psychology involves reinforcing desired behaviors to encourage their repetition.
nutrient
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ماده مغذی

ماده مغذی

flag
/ˈnutɹiənt/
اسم

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

synonymfood
What is a "nutrient"?

A nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of the body. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water, all of which play vital roles in various physiological processes. Carbohydrates serve as the body's primary source of energy, proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues, fats provide energy and support cell function, vitamins and minerals facilitate numerous metabolic functions, and water is necessary for hydration and the transportation of nutrients throughout the body. Consuming a balanced diet rich in nutrients is crucial for overall health and well-being.

nutrient
biomimicry
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(تقلب از طبیعت)

(تقلب از طبیعت)

بیومیمیکری

flag
/bˌaɪoʊmˈɪmɪkɹi/
اسم

an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

gamete
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گامت

گامت

flag
/ˈɡæmit/, /ɡəˈmit/
اسم

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

What is a "gamete"?

A gamete is a specialized reproductive cell involved in sexual reproduction. In humans, the two types of gametes are sperm cells in males and egg cells (ova) in females. Gametes carry half the genetic material of an individual and are produced through a process called gametogenesis. During fertilization, a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote, which then develops into an embryo. Gametes are crucial for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next, playing a vital role in human reproduction and the diversity of offspring.

microbiome
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(میکروبیوتا)

(میکروبیوتا)

میکروبیوم

flag
/mˈaɪkɹoʊbɪˌoʊm/
اسم

the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

ecology
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(اکولوژی)

(اکولوژی)

بوم‌شناسی

flag
/iˈkɑɫədʒi/, /ɪˈkɑɫədʒi/
اسم

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

synonymbionomics
synonymenvironmental science
ecology
anthropogenic
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(قابل استناد به فعالیت‌های انسانی)

(قابل استناد به فعالیت‌های انسانی)

انساني

flag
/ˌænθɹəpəˈdʒɛnɪk/
اسم

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

synonymanthropogenetic
example
مثال
click on words
Anthropogenic influences on the environment can have long-lasting effects on ecosystems and wildlife.
Deforestation and habitat destruction are anthropogenic activities that threaten biodiversity.
Air pollution from industrial activities is a significant anthropogenic contributor to respiratory illnesses.
ecotourism
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(اکوتوریسم)

(اکوتوریسم)

طبیعت‌گردی

flag
/ˈɛkətˌʊɹɪzəm/
اسم

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

motility
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(حرکت)

(حرکت)

تحرک

flag
/moʊˈtɪɫɪti/
اسم

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

antonymimmotility
example
مثال
click on words
Motility is essential for the movement of cells during processes like wound healing and embryonic development.
Ciliated cells in the respiratory tract have motility to sweep mucus and debris out of the lungs.
Sperm cells exhibit motility as they swim towards the egg for fertilization.
protist
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پروتیست

پروتیست

flag
/pɹˈɑːɾɪst/
اسم

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

synonymprotistan
example
مثال
click on words
Protists exhibit a wide range of shapes and sizes, from single-celled organisms to complex algae.
Protists play important ecological roles as primary producers and consumers in aquatic food webs.
Paramecium and amoeba are protists commonly found in freshwater habitats.
homologous
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متشابه

متشابه

flag
/hɑˈmɑɫəɡəs/
اسم

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

antonymheterologous
bioluminescence
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زیست نور

زیست نور

flag
/bˌaɪoʊlˌuːmɪnˈɛsəns/
اسم

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

example
مثال
click on words
Certain fungi in tropical forests emit eerie greenish-blue bioluminescence, lighting up the forest floor at night.
Certain species of jellyfish, like the Aequorea victoria, exhibit bioluminescence, emitting a greenish-blue glow as a defense mechanism against predators.
Deep-sea fish use bioluminescence as a form of camouflage, emitting light to match the faint glow of sunlight filtering down from above, masking their silhouettes from predators below.
hydroid
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هیدروئید

هیدروئید

flag
/hˈaɪdɹɔɪd/
اسم

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

synonymhydrozoan
example
مثال
click on words
The aquarium's new exhibit features a variety of hydroids and other fascinating sea creatures.
The marine biologist studied the unique structures of the hydroid colony.
Hydroids can often be found attached to rocks and seaweed in shallow waters.
transdifferentiation
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(تغییر تمایز)

(تغییر تمایز)

انتقال تمایزی

flag
/tɹænsdˌɪfɚɹˌɛnʃɪˈeɪʃən/
اسم

the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type

mycelium
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میسل

میسل

flag
/maɪsˈiːliəm/
اسم

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

example
مثال
click on words
Mycelium networks play a vital role in plant communication and nutrient exchange.
The forest floor was rich with mycelium, crucial for nutrient recycling in the ecosystem.
The mushroom's mycelium extended far beyond the visible fruiting body, hidden beneath the surface.
mutualist
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متقابل

متقابل

flag
/mjˈuːtʃuːəlˌɪst/
اسم

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

synonyminterdependent
synonymmutually beneficial
commensal
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(هم‌سفره)

(هم‌سفره)

هم‌زیست

flag
/kəmˈɛnsəl/
اسم

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

mycorrhiza
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(میکوریزاها)

(میکوریزاها)

میکوریزا

flag
/mˈaɪkəɹˌaɪzə/
اسم

a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

to assimilate
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(دریافت کردن)

(دریافت کردن)

جذب کردن

flag
/əˈsɪməˌɫeɪt/
اسم

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

example
مثال
click on words
The plants assimilate nutrients from the soil through their roots.
The bacteria assimilated the sugars in the environment for energy.
The fish assimilate oxygen from the water through their gills.

اطلاعات دستوری:

متعدی
spore
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هاگ

هاگ

flag
/ˈspɔɹ/
اسم

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

example
مثال
click on words
Scientists collected spores from the ancient cave walls to study prehistoric fungi.
The resilient spore can survive extreme temperatures, making it a crucial survival mechanism for certain bacteria.
Mold spreads quickly in damp environments due to the abundant production of spores.
biomass
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بیوماس

بیوماس

flag
/ˈbaɪəmæs/
اسم

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

example
مثال
click on words
The biomass of insects in a healthy ecosystem can indicate its ecological stability.
Scientists study the biomass of phytoplankton in oceans to understand their role in the marine food web.
The tropical rainforest contains a vast biomass of plants and animals, contributing to its incredible biodiversity.
taxonomic
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(تاکسونومیکی)

(تاکسونومیکی)

تاکسونومیک

flag
/tˌæksənˈɑːmɪk/
اسم

related to how living things are categorized based on their similarities

synonymsystematic
synonymtaxonomical
example
مثال
click on words
A taxonomic key helps identify animals by their features.
Taxonomic classification helps us understand relationships between different species.
petri dish
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(ظرف کشت)

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پتری دیش

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/pˈɛtɹi dˈɪʃ/
اسم

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

example
مثال
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The students carefully transferred the yeast cells into the Petri dish to study their reproductive behavior.
The scientist placed the bacterial sample in a Petri dish to observe its growth over several days.
The Petri dish was sterilized before use to prevent contamination of the experiment.

اطلاعات دستوری:

اسم مرکب
agar
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آگرا

آگرا

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/ˈeɪɡɝ/
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a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed and used as a gelling agent in various food

synonymnutrient agar
example
مثال
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The agar cubes added a delightful chewiness to the tropical fruit salad.
The agar jelly shots were a hit at the party, with their vibrant colors and jiggly texture.
What is "agar"?

Agar, a versatile substance derived from seaweed, is known for its unique characteristics. It lacks flavor, making it a neutral ingredient that doesn't alter the taste of the dish. Agar has a firm and gelatinous texture when set, which makes it ideal for various culinary applications. To prepare agar, it is typically dissolved in hot liquid, such as water or broth, and then allowed to cool and solidify, forming a jelly-like substance. Its ability to set at room temperature is a notable advantage over gelatin. Due to its plant-based origin and compatibility with vegetarian and vegan diets, agar has become a popular alternative to animal-based gelling agents.

agar
cosmology
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کیهان‌شناسی

کیهان‌شناسی

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/kɔzˈmɔɫədʒi/
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the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end

synonymcosmogeny
synonymcosmogony
virulent
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بیماری‌زا

بیماری‌زا

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/ˈvɪɹəɫənt/
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(of a disease) able to make one sick

antonymavirulent
decomposition
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(فروپاشی)

(فروپاشی)

تجزیه

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/ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən/, /ˌdikəmpoʊˈzɪʃən/
اسم

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

synonymbreakdown
synonymputrefaction
synonymrot
synonymrotting
example
مثال
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Decomposition of the dead animal was evident by the presence of various fungi and insects.
Forest ecosystems rely on decomposition to recycle organic matter and sustain plant growth.
The fallen leaves underwent decomposition, enriching the soil with valuable nutrients.
prokaryotic
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(پروکاریوتی)

(پروکاریوتی)

پراکهای

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/pɹˌɑːkɐɹɪˈɑːɾɪk/
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(of organisms or cells) lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell

synonymprocaryotic
antonymeukaryotic
example
مثال
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Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells have simpler structures and smaller sizes.
Prokaryotic cells reproduce quickly through a process called binary fission.
The scientist examined the prokaryotic cell structure under a microscope, noting the absence of a nucleus.
substrate
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(پایه)

(پایه)

زیرساخت

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/ˈsəbˌstɹeɪt/
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the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

synonymsubstratum
example
مثال
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Earthworms burrow through the soil substrate, aiding in its aeration and nutrient mixing.
The biofilm developed on the substrate of the water pipe, consisting of various microorganisms.
Researchers chose a gel-like substrate in the Petri dish to culture and observe bacterial growth.
excitatory
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(تحریکی)

(تحریکی)

هیجانی

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/ɛksˈɪɾətˌoːɹi/
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capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism

fission yeast
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(خمیر ترش تقسیم‌پذیر)

(خمیر ترش تقسیم‌پذیر)

خمیر ترش شکاف

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/fˈɪʃən jˈiːst/
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a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism

adaptation
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سازگاری

سازگاری

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/ˌædəpˈteɪʃən/
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the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

ameba
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(موجودات تک‌سلولی)

(موجودات تک‌سلولی)

آمیب

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/ˈeɪmbə/
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a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

example
مثال
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The pseudopodia of an ameba allow it to move and capture food, such as bacteria and small particles.

اطلاعات دستوری:

شکل جمع
amebae, amoebae
physiologist
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فیزیولوژیست

فیزیولوژیست

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/ˌfɪziˈɑɫədʒɪst/
اسم

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

example
مثال
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A cardiac physiologist specializes in studying the functions of the heart and circulatory system.
Physiologists research how hormones regulate metabolic processes in the body.
Comparative physiologists investigate how different species adapt to their environments through physiological processes.
genus
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جنس (زیست‌شناسی)

جنس (زیست‌شناسی)

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/ˈdʒinəs/
اسم

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

example
مثال
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Orchids belong to the genus Orchidaceae, which is one of the largest families of flowering plants.
Scientists debated whether the newly found fossil should be classified within the existing genus or if it represented a new genus entirely.
Scientists debated whether the newly found fossil should be classified within the existing genus or if it represented a new genus entirely.
pattern

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