a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own
a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms
the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH
the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use
Metabolism refers to the complex set of biochemical processes that occur within cells to convert nutrients into energy and essential molecules for growth, repair, and maintenance. It encompasses both the breakdown of substances (catabolism) to release energy and the synthesis of molecules (anabolism) to build and maintain cellular structures. Metabolism influences the body's energy expenditure, regulation of body weight, hormone production, and overall physiological functioning. It is regulated by various factors, including genetics, age, diet, physical activity, and hormonal balance. Metabolism is a vital process that supports the body's basic functions and is closely linked to overall health and well-being.
a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination
a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
اطلاعات دستوری:
to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism
اطلاعات دستوری:
a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes
a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions
the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division
the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs along the equator of the cell, preparing for their separation into haploid daughter cells
the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers
the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number
to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi
any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites
the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment
a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data
not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems
a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations
a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them
Mucus is a viscous and slippery substance produced by the mucous membranes lining various organs and passages. It acts as a protective and lubricating layer, particularly in the respiratory and digestive systems. Mucus helps to trap and remove foreign particles, such as dust and pathogens, preventing them from reaching sensitive tissues. In the respiratory system, mucus plays a vital role in moistening and protecting the airways, facilitating efficient breathing. In the digestive system, mucus aids in the smooth passage of food and protects the stomach lining from digestive acids. Mucus production can increase during illness or inflammation, leading to symptoms like congestion or a runny nose.
the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms
a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate
the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations
a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth
A nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of the body. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water, all of which play vital roles in various physiological processes. Carbohydrates serve as the body's primary source of energy, proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues, fats provide energy and support cell function, vitamins and minerals facilitate numerous metabolic functions, and water is necessary for hydration and the transportation of nutrients throughout the body. Consuming a balanced diet rich in nutrients is crucial for overall health and well-being.
an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems
a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes
A gamete is a specialized reproductive cell involved in sexual reproduction. In humans, the two types of gametes are sperm cells in males and egg cells (ova) in females. Gametes carry half the genetic material of an individual and are produced through a process called gametogenesis. During fertilization, a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote, which then develops into an embryo. Gametes are crucial for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next, playing a vital role in human reproduction and the diversity of offspring.
the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment
the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other
refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence
tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature
the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia
a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments
reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species
the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage
a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies
the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type
the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate
(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction
describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil
(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells
اطلاعات دستوری:
a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions
the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water
related to how living things are categorized based on their similarities
a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms
اطلاعات دستوری:
a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed and used as a gelling agent in various food
Agar, a versatile substance derived from seaweed, is known for its unique characteristics. It lacks flavor, making it a neutral ingredient that doesn't alter the taste of the dish. Agar has a firm and gelatinous texture when set, which makes it ideal for various culinary applications. To prepare agar, it is typically dissolved in hot liquid, such as water or broth, and then allowed to cool and solidify, forming a jelly-like substance. Its ability to set at room temperature is a notable advantage over gelatin. Due to its plant-based origin and compatibility with vegetarian and vegan diets, agar has become a popular alternative to animal-based gelling agents.
the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end
the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem
(of organisms or cells) lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell
the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds
capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism
a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism
the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
اطلاعات دستوری:
a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels
(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family
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