even if

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXZlbiBpZg&hash=d2b872ea3ee1d26ada3290f266bd228dc5261968&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXZlbiBpZg&hash=4cb9c3c664aed1d537d268155e68eaa8c7f05f67&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to simulate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gc2ltdWxhdGU&hash=2c94dc6087c09e80b9d87a22515f91eba614acd4&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gc2ltdWxhdGU&hash=0539f6a92e8ac3b0dc03cfba39151667dd24495e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to match

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWF0Y2g&hash=12cf0868dee5aad3d024669459d476babad7f686&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWF0Y2g&hash=07f028ae8294e3c8d137a45d8a3a4acdb96f5a02&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

contrast

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29udHJhc3Q&hash=782ef4a5c5db0f1df838e2790f6fadd5832d3a91&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29udHJhc3Q&hash=3b27611dfeb39f1029ca01940ccf44fb34f5b858&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to underline

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdW5kZXJsaW5l&hash=6cb4919a91211b7aab347cbb1f7f352c8ff26db1&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdW5kZXJsaW5l&hash=919d1abea5c037f308c9e4275f94f4ac61054c5f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to promote

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcHJvbW90ZQ&hash=6a7dd171affdcda7cc4fe8fcba32fd26f7413aed&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcHJvbW90ZQ&hash=2e68495ca59e65504a375b058bc69938cf7dcef8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

belonging

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YmVsb25naW5n&hash=ea1a024ade6e7f928689b676a245af5367bfcdb6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YmVsb25naW5n&hash=62cb1ebac8f236bdb4bfe854c9221d6cb6418fe0&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

community

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29tbXVuaXR5&hash=328e799e963d9342868b859fb874cdf0105d47ce&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29tbXVuaXR5&hash=b4aa6d6cdb63ff00826032bd37fbc979317664ad&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

A lingua franca is a language that serves as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages. It is often used in trade, travel, or multicultural settings where people need to understand each other despite their different backgrounds. A lingua franca can be a widely spoken language, like English or French, or it can be a simplified version of a language, known as a pidgin. The primary purpose of a lingua franca is to facilitate communication and interaction, making it easier for diverse groups to share information and ideas.

What is a "lingua franca"?

lingua franca

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGluZ3VhIGZyYW5jYQ&hash=436c5a52c41b95fbdbba7ba11b83289e81486abb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGluZ3VhIGZyYW5jYQ&hash=544e4fe3d2809b8667a05c24940ed67f7eba48a3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

predecessor

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHJlZGVjZXNzb3I&hash=e574b824372a4ef6529ad704b7eb1821d534ae9c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHJlZGVjZXNzb3I&hash=fd81fb3e54f5a4bd8383004affeb3434e4b9828e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

practical

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHJhY3RpY2Fs&hash=31d9291873deb49ddeabcb2b8674bc60ad824331&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHJhY3RpY2Fs&hash=32f4d31146e6e593f51b1b083ab7221473d1db57&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to diminish

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZGltaW5pc2g&hash=e840ce387e5451ede70e7ce290436e3652f35d4b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZGltaW5pc2g&hash=231c161234592057878cc6ffbce20b1e2d5ebc44&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to persist

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcGVyc2lzdA&hash=e71e7da11ea1e8b63f6069276231db9c60224714&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcGVyc2lzdA&hash=6fc484ad7a51b68129d89f25058cef0463a7a7e6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

substitute

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3Vic3RpdHV0ZQ&hash=5160ffd3a0464813d67d114e79be2e9aa3c1a97f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3Vic3RpdHV0ZQ&hash=8ed0925f09ab9948e4eadcc2fabcfb72579068de&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

subtle

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3VidGxl&hash=8032cc62de6485a32a06109226c581a33dfc7752&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3VidGxl&hash=687f5436c48505c47548fcaa44be4a71b9259693&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

vital

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dml0YWw&hash=a1d884829fc3ab2e115537e2127ebcea64051d53&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dml0YWw&hash=71e4d24704ae8d6a98508b0ab2994fbc95be5c15&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to come with

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY29tZSB3aXRo&hash=a22741abd3b424fecf5bed01e155bed46cb1652e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY29tZSB3aXRo&hash=417ba933776444cd632cc833c6e373faab8cee25&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

familiar

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZmFtaWxpYXI&hash=3b0fc0f1dfc3fbb38a85a78024fa5a5c84f8bedf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZmFtaWxpYXI&hash=13e541da679a2e68909a21df56b69e5ccaad3fc9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

aspect

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXNwZWN0&hash=c09e5ad038e6bc69f305fa573e3902c64a2fdcb2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXNwZWN0&hash=d0026acb0cfa194d6398fa74ef2a94d32de73adf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to assist

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYXNzaXN0&hash=22366df1e4c15bffc9df2373f3db2b76218f59de&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYXNzaXN0&hash=944ee0c64868c10f2e4b6f564abb9412cdd684c4&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

content

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29udGVudA&hash=8e50778191fa9d3bfc409da3a7b5b090681b3ee3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29udGVudA&hash=6f05e44a88117e5dfd8871a65f85d49a612eb559&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

technical

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dGVjaG5pY2Fs&hash=7b8c3188116c8246f6299943b6b0e2088ae0c562&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dGVjaG5pY2Fs&hash=21c158a4697020af5b2e3dea21307b50b7526333&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to refer

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVmZXI&hash=2b25c294cc84b555a6423f1e03a279db1418e45c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVmZXI&hash=8f582fd15012521c4337141e9f795f7399be3f13&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to consider

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY29uc2lkZXI&hash=63e4ba34a7aab94ee65b22a5ec41ae5be4eacb49&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY29uc2lkZXI&hash=06ea144d23c5e87351581a17a7fac8ddccc8afc3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

undesirable

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dW5kZXNpcmFibGU&hash=99040e367638c00f265bad93594f097bef19b584&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dW5kZXNpcmFibGU&hash=1209bec7e28666892fefd832b5b060c5e1e2bb21&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to intend

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gaW50ZW5k&hash=36ec9d0595149b46bd163071f267c7a07f31d3b9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gaW50ZW5k&hash=95ca88c707fb4b0f3cbe50cb1a2b38b8e640edc6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

surprising

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3VycHJpc2luZw&hash=882ee71d8c33061fab73f827593bdf5e4e97924a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3VycHJpc2luZw&hash=c5a025fa45f92899e8569681ae2c51de43d084d1&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

reluctance

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVsdWN0YW5jZQ&hash=c3c0f5a6700ad9c9cfbb9ae878041f867ec1283c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVsdWN0YW5jZQ&hash=1594a7a6460dee5c563be4a5009b8db6083f291b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

understandable

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dW5kZXJzdGFuZGFibGU&hash=c879d3a4228ab99075de6aaf70410ed1c06f602d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dW5kZXJzdGFuZGFibGU&hash=b267af94871cc598f98eb12c5ed830730023ae9b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

equipment

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXF1aXBtZW50&hash=15b587361ffb2c35b2cc4ba255fb43d15073d212&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXF1aXBtZW50&hash=1599ae3df49643f7a9b277a4262cfe7bab278139&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

A voice over is a narration technique where a speaker provides commentary or dialogue that is heard over a film, television show, or other media. The speaker's voice is heard by the audience, but they are not seen on screen. Voice overs are used to offer additional information, reveal a character's thoughts, or provide context that supports the visual elements of the story.

What is a "voice over"?

voice over

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dm9pY2Ugb3Zlcg&hash=99bf5ac0e2d97877affa70e43f861b40b43651db&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dm9pY2Ugb3Zlcg&hash=f8abcaa3bb57d661abe9bcfa40b640483abf160d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

appropriately

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXBwcm9wcmlhdGVseQ&hash=6762fa43d86d04db5d55dacf973f403d18fd535b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXBwcm9wcmlhdGVseQ&hash=69500917e4509e75135a239c6d2ad4a81dc21c18&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to maintain

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWFpbnRhaW4&hash=74b4b263da47f0758bf56208b4d25ed5fc6492b8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWFpbnRhaW4&hash=eb53059b6291475c6b9e067405dd964fee665578&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

concern

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29uY2Vybg&hash=557cad89614ccabaf616d29de16841462e735a77&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29uY2Vybg&hash=274b2824078aef5824845cb2022898908fc26dae&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to conform

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY29uZm9ybQ&hash=1fd49c236bef8d52f463e6164beb83f021a5f662&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY29uZm9ybQ&hash=6e430b0bae71804c77549dba56cf9d01a4270a13&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

far from

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZmFyIGZyb20&hash=ad5031fa3713715676e4f83de8b78d8c84de2f1d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZmFyIGZyb20&hash=c30354f03a2c1a3467b43faccaacd61e3bf7965d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

despite

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGVzcGl0ZQ&hash=7037d8498eb80d7fa0eda7883e7b1e97fde35bf5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGVzcGl0ZQ&hash=cb09c14d222f2d0bf9d4133fdc82e5ad50c4a09a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

throughout

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dGhyb3VnaG91dA&hash=dda2be841b136dd539bdc48356c1b3c655504ebc&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dGhyb3VnaG91dA&hash=33f40db05617f0899246fe15aba06c04fadedcdc&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

overall

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=b3ZlcmFsbA&hash=784e69b1b810cf3da99a8fb130b47609d837658e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=b3ZlcmFsbA&hash=856573a9a639b750991440a78307b0c20282bbb0&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

automated

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXV0b21hdGVk&hash=3d97578436b41478117f7ac23c0e2134cffc3012&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXV0b21hdGVk&hash=4c4f837c472c09a7a62c317c7405eaf72830b591&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

immigrant

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW1taWdyYW50&hash=8116a15ef53eb0d93d632ad218192acbd45cb292&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW1taWdyYW50&hash=f8ca81e03313b3df5f623e7253055a548c6e35f9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

visual aspect

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dmlzdWFsIGFzcGVjdA&hash=ac6f73aa712a09cf2f07e8ed8a31309ee425b82c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dmlzdWFsIGFzcGVjdA&hash=13683ddc8ab4bc21872969e0f786704c2e2648c5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

(as|so) far as {sth} [is] concerned

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXMgZmFyIGFzIHNvbWV0aGluZyBpcyBjb25jZXJuZWQ&hash=d867ec6ab523213a1ec2a127ea071f4f6eaa8d50&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXMgZmFyIGFzIHNvbWV0aGluZyBpcyBjb25jZXJuZWQ&hash=54340856d47f04878c1250c0c0e9545b42153bbb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to dub

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZHVi&hash=62036e85aa9f28f9e7fc057b6ce90ce91c6de05b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZHVi&hash=61996572d6577e62504ac68a64f5b56019c98f91&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to morph

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbW9ycGg&hash=8e5e666e6eda829869f22b8b09e9152e394e42ad&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbW9ycGg&hash=0ebfb3c345ae4b6b3cd566553ae96abfb2452b2e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (4) in the Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

آزمون 3 - خواندن - متن 3 (4)

کمبریج IELTS 19 - آکادمیک "آزمون 3 - خواندن - گذرگاه 3 (4)" واژگان

IELTS 19 - Academic | Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (4)

Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (4)

Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic "Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (4)" Vocabulary