Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to become overactive, a condition known as hyperthyroidism. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid, leading to the overproduction of thyroid hormones. Symptoms of Graves' disease can include rapid heartbeat, weight loss, increased appetite, sweating, nervousness, irritability, and swelling of the thyroid gland. Some people may also experience eye problems, such as bulging eyes and vision issues. Treatment for Graves' disease may involve medications to reduce thyroid hormone production, radioactive therapy to shrink the thyroid gland, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid.

What is "Graves' disease"?

Graves' disease

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Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the skin, inner linings of the mouth, hair, and nails. It is characterized by the presence of itchy, flat-topped, purple or reddish bumps or wounds that can occur anywhere on the body, but commonly appear on the wrists, ankles, lower back, and genitals. In the mouth, lichen planus can cause white, lacy patches or open wounds. The exact cause of lichen planus is unknown, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response. While the condition can be uncomfortable, it is not contagious or life-threatening. Treatment for lichen planus focuses on relieving symptoms and may include ointments and medications to reduce inflammation and itching.

What is "lichen planus"?

lichen planus

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Addison's disease, also known as adrenal insufficiency, is a disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands, which are small glands located on top of the kidneys, do not produce enough hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, maintaining blood pressure, and responding to stress. Symptoms of Addison's disease can vary but often include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin. In some cases, individuals may experience a sudden worsening of symptoms, known as an adrenal crisis, which can be life-threatening if not immediately treated. Addison's disease is usually caused by autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands, although other factors such as infections or certain medications can also contribute. Treatment typically involves lifelong hormone replacement therapy to replace the hormones that are not produced enough and prevent complications.

What is "Addison's disease"?

Addison's disease

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Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that mainly affects the moisture-producing glands of the body, such as the salivary glands and tear glands. It is characterized by symptoms such as dry eyes, dry mouth, and difficulty swallowing. Other common symptoms may include joint pain, fatigue, and dry skin. Sjögren's syndrome can also affect other parts of the body, leading to complications such as tooth damage, oral infections, and vision problems. Treatment for Sjögren's syndrome focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications. This may involve the use of artificial tears and saliva substitutes to moisten the eyes and mouth, as well as medications to reduce inflammation and calm the immune system.

What is "Sjögren's syndrome"?

Sjogren's syndrome

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Aplastic anemia is a rare condition where the body stops producing enough new blood cells. It occurs when the bone marrow, which is responsible for making blood cells, is damaged or fails to function properly. As a result, individuals with aplastic anemia may experience symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, and frequent infections. In serious cases, it can lead to life-threatening complications such as bleeding and an increased risk of infections. Treatment for aplastic anemia may involve blood transfusions to replace the missing blood cells, medications to stimulate the production of blood cells, and in some cases, bone marrow transplantation to replace damaged bone marrow with healthy cells.

What is "aplastic anemia"?

aplastic anemia

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Pernicious anemia is a condition where the body does not have enough red blood cells due to a lack of vitamin B12. This vitamin is crucial for the production of healthy red blood cells in the bone marrow. Without enough B12, red blood cells become large, misshapen, and unable to function properly. Symptoms of pernicious anemia may include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and tingling or numbness in the hands and feet. If untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as nerve damage and problems with the heart and brain. Treatment typically involves regular B12 injections or high-dose B12 supplements to restore normal levels of the vitamin in the body.

What is "pernicious anemia"?

pernicious anemia

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Lyme disease is an infectious illness caused by a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi. It is spread to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. Symptoms of Lyme disease can vary but often include a characteristic rash that looks like a target around the tick bite, fever, fatigue, muscle aches, and joint pain. In some cases, it can lead to more serious symptoms affecting the heart, nervous system, and joints if left untreated. Additionally, Lyme disease can sometimes trigger an autoimmune response in the body, leading to conditions such as Lyme arthritis or neurological complications. Treatment for Lyme disease typically involves antibiotics, which are most effective when started in the early stages of the infection.

What is "Lyme disease"?

Lyme disease

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Sarcoidosis is a disease where tiny clumps of abnormal tissue, called granulomas, form in various parts of the body. These granulomas can affect how organs work and lead to symptoms like coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, and swollen glands. While the exact cause of sarcoidosis is unclear, it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response. Treatment may involve medications to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms.

What is "sarcoidosis"?

sarcoidosis

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition where the body's immune system attacks the protective covering of nerves in the brain and spinal cord. This can damage the flow of information between the brain and the body, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, numbness or tingling, and problems with coordination and balance. The exact cause of MS is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Treatment for MS focuses on managing symptoms, slowing the progress of the disease, and improving quality of life. This may involve medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

What is "multiple sclerosis"?

multiple sclerosis

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Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that can affect balance and hearing. It is characterized by episodes of vertigo, which is a sensation of spinning or dizziness, as well as hearing loss, ringing in the ears, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the affected ear. The exact cause of Meniere's disease is unknown, but it is believed to involve fluid buildup in the inner ear. Treatment for Meniere's disease may include medications to relieve symptoms, dietary changes to reduce fluid buildup, and exercises to improve balance.

What is "Meniere's disease"?

Meniere's disease

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Kawasaki disease is a condition that mainly affects children under the age of five. It causes inflammation in the blood vessels throughout the body, particularly the coronary arteries, which carry blood to the heart muscle. Symptoms of Kawasaki disease can include high fever, rash, red eyes, swollen glands, and swelling of the hands and feet. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications which can increase the risk of heart problems. Treatment typically involves taking medications such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin to reduce inflammation and prevent complications.

What is "Kawasaki disease"?

Kawasaki disease

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Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare but serious neurological disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. This can lead to muscle weakness, numbness, and tingling in the arms and legs. In serious cases, it can cause paralysis of the muscles needed for breathing and other essential functions. The exact cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome is unknown, but it is often occurs after an infection, such as a respiratory or gastrointestinal illness. Treatment may involve therapies to reduce inflammation and support the affected nerves.

What is "Guillain-Barre syndrome"?

Guillain-Barre syndrome

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Hashimoto's disease, also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck and produces hormones that controls metabolism. This attack leads to inflammation and damage to the thyroid, resulting in an underactive thyroid gland, known as hypothyroidism. Symptoms of Hashimoto's disease can include fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, and constipation. Treatment typically involves taking artificial thyroid hormone medication to replace the hormones that the thyroid gland is no longer able to produce.

What is "Hashimoto's disease"?

Hashimoto's disease

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Celiac disease is a digestive disorder where the immune system reacts abnormally to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This reaction damages the lining of the small intestine, leading to difficulty in absorbing nutrients from food. Symptoms of celiac disease can vary widely and may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss. Treatment involves following a strict gluten-free diet, which means avoiding foods that contain gluten.

What is "celiac disease"?

celiac disease

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rheumatoid arthritis

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Here you will learn some English words related to autoimmune diseases such as "sarcoidosis", "celiac disease", and "aplastic anemia".

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