054. Diet, Sport and Fitness

A stroke occurs when part of the brain does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients because the blood supply is cut off or reduced. This can happen because of a blockage in an artery, known as an ischemic stroke, or the bursting of a blood vessel, known as a hemorrhagic stroke. Symptoms of a stroke include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, confusion, trouble walking, dizziness, and an intense headache. Immediate medical attention is critical for treating a stroke, as early treatment can minimize brain damage and improve outcomes. Treatment may involve medications, procedures to remove blood clots, and rehabilitation to regain lost functions.

Fiber, also known as dietary fiber or roughage, refers to the indigestible portion of plant-based foods that passes through the digestive system relatively unchanged. It is primarily found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. Fiber comes in two main types: soluble and insoluble. Soluble fiber dissolves in water and forms a gel-like substance in the digestive tract, helping to lower cholesterol levels and regulate blood sugar levels. Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and adds bulk to stool, aiding in digestion and preventing constipation. Both types of fiber contribute to overall digestive health, promote regular bowel movements, and can help prevent certain chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.

Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is a vital hormone in the endocrine system that controls the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It promotes the absorption of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it is used for energy or stored for later use. Insulin also helps regulate the storage of excess glucose in the liver and muscles as glycogen. By regulating glucose levels, insulin plays a key role in maintaining stable blood sugar levels and overall energy homeostasis in the body.

Glucose is a type of sugar, known as a monosaccharide, that serves as the primary source of energy for the body's cells. It is found naturally in many foods, including fruits, vegetables, and grains, and is also produced by the body through the breakdown of carbohydrates. Glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream after digestion and is transported to cells throughout the body, where it is used for energy production. Excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen for later use. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is essential for overall health, as fluctuations can affect energy levels, mood, and long-term health outcomes.

Metabolism refers to the complex set of biochemical processes that occur within cells to convert nutrients into energy and essential molecules for growth, repair, and maintenance. It encompasses both the breakdown of substances (catabolism) to release energy and the synthesis of molecules (anabolism) to build and maintain cellular structures. Metabolism influences the body's energy expenditure, regulation of body weight, hormone production, and overall physiological functioning. It is regulated by various factors, including genetics, age, diet, physical activity, and hormonal balance. Metabolism is a vital process that supports the body's basic functions and is closely linked to overall health and well-being.

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measurement used to evaluate an individual's body weight relative to their height. It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. BMI serves as a screening tool to categorize individuals into groups such as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. While it is not a direct measure of body fat, BMI can indicate potential health risks associated with weight, such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. The ideal BMI rate typically falls within the range of 18.5 to 24.9, which is considered normal weight. However, it is important to recognize that BMI has limitations and may not accurately reflect body composition for individuals with high muscle mass or certain health conditions.