Biology

culture

Pangngalan

/kʌl.ʧər/ or /kal.chēr/

c

k

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ʌ

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ə

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r

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(kulturang selula)

kultura

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

metabolism

Pangngalan

/mə.tæ.bə.lɪ.zəm/ or /mē.tā.bē.li.zēm/

m

m

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ə

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t

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æ

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m

m

(mga proseso ng metabolismo)

metabolismo

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

specimen

Pangngalan

/spɛ.sə.mən/ or /spe.sē.mēn/

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ɛ

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(halimbawa)

sampol

a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination

strain

Pangngalan

/streɪn/ or /strein/

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s

t

t

r

r

ai

eɪ

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n

(uri)

sangay

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

to excrete

Pandiwa

/ɪksk.rit/ or /iksk.rit/

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ɪ

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ks

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k

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e

(ilabas)

magpalabas

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

eukaryote

Pangngalan

/ju:.ka.rɪoʊt/ or /yoo.ka.riooot/

eu

ju:

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a

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ɪ

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oʊ

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(eukaryot)

eukaryote

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

asexual reproduction

Pangngalan

/eɪsˈɛkʃuːəl ɹɪpɹədˈʌkʃən/

(pagpaparaming walang kasamang ibang organismo)

asexual na pagpaparami

a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism

meiosis

Pangngalan

/maɪoʊss/ or /maioooss/

m

m

eio

aɪoʊ

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s

i

s

s

(miosis)

meiosis

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

mitosis

Pangngalan

/maɪ.toʊ.sɪs/ or /mai.tooo.sis/

m

m

i

aɪ

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t

o

oʊ

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s

i

ɪ

s

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(mitosis)

mitosis

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

interphase

Pangngalan

/ɪn.tər.feɪz/ or /in.tēr.feiz/

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ɪ

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n

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ə

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ph

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(huwaran)

interphase

the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions

prophase

Pangngalan

/proʊ.feɪz/ or /prooo.feiz/

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p

r

r

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ɑ:

ph

f

a

eɪ

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(pahayag na unang yugto)

prophase

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

metaphase

Pangngalan

/mɛ.tə.feɪz/ or /me.tē.feiz/

m

m

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ɛ

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t

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ə

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eɪ

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(metapasis)

metapase

the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs along the equator of the cell, preparing for their separation into haploid daughter cells

anaphase

Pangngalan

/æ.na.feɪz/ or /ā.na.feiz/

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æ

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n

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eɪ

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(anapahis ng mitosis)

anapahis

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

telophase

Pangngalan

/tɛ.lə.feɪz/ or /te.lē.feiz/

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t

e

ɛ

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l

o

ə

ph

f

a

eɪ

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(huling yugto ng meiosis)

telopase

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

to biodegrade

Pandiwa

/baɪoʊ.dɪg.reɪd/ or /baiooo.dig.reid/

b

b

io

aɪoʊ

d

d

e

ɪ

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g

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eɪ

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(mabulok)

mag-biodegrade

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biomolecule

Pangngalan

/baɪoʊ.mɑ.lə.kjul/ or /baiooo.maa.lē.kyool/

b

b

io

aɪoʊ

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m

o

ɑ:

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ɪ

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ju:

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(buhay na molekula)

biomolekula

any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

bioinformatics

Pangngalan

/baɪoʊ.ɪn.fɜr.mæ.tɪks/ or /baiooo.in.fēr.mā.tiks/

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b

ioi

aɪoʊɪ

n

n

f

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o

ɔ:

r

r

m

m

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æ

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(bio-informatics)

bioimpormasyon

a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data

biocompatible

pang-uri

/baɪoʊ.kəm.pæ.tə.bəl/ or /baiooo.kēm.pā.tē.bēl/

b

b

io

aɪoʊ

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k

o

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æ

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(hindi nagdudulot ng masamang reaksyon)

bio-kompatible

not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems

biometrics

Pangngalan

/baɪoʊ.mɛt.rɪks/ or /baiooo.met.riks/

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b

io

aɪoʊ

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(Biometrika)

Biometrics

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

mucus

Pangngalan

/mju.kəs/ or /myoo.kēs/

m

m

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ju

c

k

u

ə

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s

(sipon)

mucus

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

microbiology

Pangngalan

/maɪk.roʊ.baɪɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /maik.rooo.baiaa.lē.ji/

m

m

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aɪ

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(Mikrobiyolohiya)

Mikrobiolohiya

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

virion

Pangngalan

/vɪ.riən/ or /vi.riēn/

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v

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ɪ

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io

iə

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n

(virion)

biryong

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

conditioning

Pangngalan

/kən.dɪ.ʃə.nɪng/ or /kēn.di.shē.ning/

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k

o

ə

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ʃ

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g

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(pag-uugnat)

pagsasanay

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

biomimicry

Pangngalan

/baɪoʊ.mɪ.mɪk.ri/ or /baiooo.mi.mik.ri/

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b

io

aɪoʊ

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y

i

(pagsunod sa kalikasan)

biomimikri

an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

gamete

Pangngalan

/gæ.mit/ or /gā.mit/

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æ

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(gamet)

germ cell

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

microbiome

Pangngalan

/maɪk.roʊ.bɪoʊm/ or /maik.rooo.biooom/

m

m

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aɪ

c

k

r

r

o

oʊ

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io

ɪoʊ

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m

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(mikrobiyoma)

mikrobioma

the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

anthropogenic

pang-uri

/ænθ.rə.pə.ʤɛ.nɪk/ or /ānth.rē.pē.je.nik/

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æ

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(tao-na-ugnayan)

anthropoheniko

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

ecotourism

Pangngalan

/ɛ.koʊ.tʊ.rɪ.zəm/ or /e.kooo.too.ri.zēm/

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ɛ

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k

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ə

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ou

ʊ

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ə

m

m

(turismo ng ekolohiya)

ekoturismo

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

motility

Pangngalan

/moʊ.tɪ.lɪ.ti/ or /mooo.ti.li.ti/

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m

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oʊ

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ɪ

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l

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y

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(paggalaw)

motility

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

protist

Pangngalan

/prɑ:.tɪst/ or /praa.tist/

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ɑ:

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ɪ

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(mga protista)

protista

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

homologous

pang-uri

/hɑ.mɑ.lə.gəs/ or /haa.maa.lē.gēs/

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ɑ

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m

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ɑ

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(magkapareho)

homoḷoḳo

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

bioluminescence

Pangngalan

/baɪoʊ.lu.mə.nɛs.əns/ or /baiooo.loo.mē.nes.ēns/

b

b

io

aɪoʊ

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l

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u:

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ɪ

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ɛ

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(liwanag ng biyolohiya)

bioluminesensya

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

hydroid

Pangngalan

/haɪd.rɔɪd/ or /haid.rawid/

h

h

y

aɪ

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r

oi

ɔɪ

d

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(hidroida)

hydroid

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

transdifferentiation

Pangngalan

/træns.dɪ.fə.rɛn.ʃɪeɪ.ʃən/ or /trāns.di.fē.ren.shiei.shēn/

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t

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æ

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ʃ

ia

ɪeɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(pagtatanggi-ng-uri)

transdifferentiation

the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type

mycelium

Pangngalan

/maɪ.si:.liəm/ or /mai.si.liēm/

m

m

y

aɪ

c

s

e

i:

l

l

iu

iə

m

m

(paghahabi ng kabute)

myselyo

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

mutualist

pang-uri

/mju:.ʧu:ə.lɪst/ or /myoo.chooē.list/

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m

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ju:

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ʧ

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(mutwalist)

muwalista

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

commensal

pang-uri

/kə.mɛn.səl/ or /kē.men.sēl/

c

k

o

ə

mm

m

e

ɛ

n

n

s

s

a

ə

l

l

(komensalismo)

komensal

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

mycorrhiza

Pangngalan

/maɪ.kər.aɪ.zə/ or /mai.kēr.ai.zē/

m

m

y

aɪ

c

k

o

ə

rr

r

h

i

aɪ

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z

a

ə

(mykoriza)

mycorrhiza

a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

to assimilate

Pandiwa

/ə.sɪ.mə.leɪt/ or /ē.si.mē.leit/

a

ə

ss

s

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ɪ

m

m

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ə

l

l

a

eɪ

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(umangkop)

sumipsip

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

spore

Pangngalan

/spɔr/ or /spawr/

s

s

p

p

o

ɔ

r

r

e

(butlag)

spora

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

biomass

Pangngalan

/baɪoʊ.mæs/ or /baiooo.mās/

b

b

io

aɪə

m

m

a

æ

ss

s

(kabuuan ng mga buhay na organismo)

biomasa

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

taxonomic

pang-uri

/tæk.sə.nɑ:.mɪk/ or /tāk.sē.naa.mik/

t

t

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æ

x

ks

o

ə

n

n

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ɑ:

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(pangkalahatang uri)

taksonomiya

related to how living things are categorized based on their similarities

petri dish

Pangngalan

/pˈɛtɹi dˈɪʃ/

(plato ng petri)

Petri dish

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

cosmology

Pangngalan

/kɔz.mɔ.lə.ʤi/ or /kawz.maw.lē.ji/

c

k

o

ɔ

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m

m

o

ɔ

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ʤ

y

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(pag-aaral ng uniberso)

kosmolohiya

the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end

virulent

pang-uri

/vɪ.rə.lənt/ or /vi.rē.lēnt/

v

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ɪ

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u

ə

l

l

e

ə

n

n

t

t

(mapanganib)

nakamamatay

(of a disease) able to make one sick

decomposition

Pangngalan

/ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən/, /ˌdikəmpoʊˈzɪʃən/

(pagkasira)

pagkabulok

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

substrate

Pangngalan

/səbs.treɪt/ or /sēbs.treit/

s

s

u

ə

b

b

s

s

t

t

r

r

a

eɪ

t

t

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(saligan)

batayan

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

excitatory

pang-uri

/ɛks.ɪ.tə.to:.ri/ or /eks.i.tē.to.ri/

e

ɛ

x

ks

c

i

ɪ

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t

a

ə

t

t

o

o:

r

r

y

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(pampasigla)

nag-uudyok

capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism

fission yeast

Pangngalan

/fˈɪʃən jˈiːst/

(lebadura ng fission)

pagsisiyam ng lebadura

a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism

adaptation

Pangngalan

/æ.dəp.teɪ.ʃən/ or /ā.dēp.tei.shēn/

a

æ

d

d

a

ə

p

p

t

t

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(adaptasyon)

pagsasaangkop

the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

ameba

Pangngalan

/eɪm.bə/ or /eim.bē/

a

eɪ

m

m

e

b

b

a

ə

(amiba)

ameba

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

physiologist

Pangngalan

/fɪ.ziɑ.lə.ʤɪst/ or /fi.ziaa.lē.jist/

ph

f

y

ɪ

s

z

io

iɑ

l

l

o

ə

g

ʤ

i

ɪ

s

s

t

t

(dalubhasa sa pisyolohiya)

pisiolohista

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels