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although
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through
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against
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since
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except
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sentence
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verb
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adjective
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noun
10-
clause
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vocabulary
although
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साइन इन
(जबकि)

(जबकि)

हालांकि

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/ˌɔɫˈðoʊ/
समुच्चयबोधक

used to introduce a contrast to what has just been said

synonymeven though
synonymthough
example
उदाहरण
click on words
He agreed to help although he had a busy schedule.
Although it was raining, we still went to the park.
Although it was quite crowded, we had a great time at the party.
through
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साइन इन
(द्वारा)

(द्वारा)

के माध्यम से

flag
/ˈθɹu/
समुच्चयबोधक

used to indicate movement or passage from one side or end to the other

example
उदाहरण
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The sunlight streamed through the leaves.
The arrow flew straight through the target.
The train traveled through a long, dark tunnel.
against
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साइन इन
(विरुद्ध)

(विरुद्ध)

के खिलाफ

flag
/əˈɡeɪnst/, /əˈɡɛnst/
समुच्चयबोधक

in opposition to someone or something

example
उदाहरण
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This medicine is effective against flu symptoms.
The team is playing against the national champions next week.
We must protect the environment against pollution.
since
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साइन इन
(क्योंकि)

(क्योंकि)

जब से

flag
/ˈsɪns/
समुच्चयबोधक

from a time in the past until a particular time, typically the present

example
उदाहरण
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She has been living in this city since 2010.
We have been friends since elementary school.
They have been married since last year.
except
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साइन इन
(सिवाय)

(सिवाय)

के अलावा

flag
/ɪkˈsɛpt/
समुच्चयबोधक

used to introduce an exclusion

example
उदाहरण
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The whole team played well except the goalkeeper.
We invited everyone except our noisy neighbor.
All the books are in the box except the one I'm reading.
sentence
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साइन इन
(वाक्यांश)

(वाक्यांश)

वाक्य

flag
/ˈsɛntəns/
समुच्चयबोधक

a group of words that forms a statement, question, exclamation, or instruction, usually containing a verb

example
उदाहरण
click on words
In English grammar, every sentence should have a subject and a predicate.
She wrote a long sentence in her essay.
Can you construct a sentence using the words provided in the vocabulary list?
What is a "sentence"?

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought, idea, or statement. It typically contains a subject, which indicates who or what the sentence is about, and a verb, which shows the action or state of being. For example, in the sentence "The dog barks," "The dog" is the subject, and "barks" is the verb. Sentences can be simple, containing just one independent clause, or complex, consisting of multiple clauses combined together. They can also vary in length and structure, and they often convey information, ask questions, give commands, or express emotions. Proper punctuation is essential in sentences to clarify meaning and enhance readability.

verb
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साइन इन
क्रिया

क्रिया

flag
/ˈvɝb/
समुच्चयबोधक

(grammar) a word or phrase used to describe an action, state, or experience

example
उदाहरण
click on words
One common mistake in English is using the wrong verb tense.
The verb in a sentence tells us what the subject is doing.
She has a list of verbs that she practices every day.
What is a "verb"?

A verb is a word that describes an action, occurrence, or state of being. Verbs are essential parts of sentences because they express what the subject does or experiences. For example, in the sentence "She runs," "runs" is the verb that shows the action of running. Verbs can take different forms to indicate tense, such as "run" for present tense and "ran" for past tense. They can also show different aspects, like whether an action is ongoing or completed. Additionally, in English, verbs can change to reflect number, meaning they can indicate whether the subject is singular or plural, as seen in "he runs" for singular and "they run" for plural. In other languages, verbs may change in form to represent different features, such as gender or mood, which can vary widely across languages.

adjective
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साइन इन
विशेषण

विशेषण

flag
/ˈædʒɪktɪv/
समुच्चयबोधक

a type of word that describes a noun

example
उदाहरण
click on words
The role of an adjective is to provide additional information about a noun.
My English teacher gave me a list of adjectives to memorize.
Learning the correct placement of an adjective in a sentence is important in English grammar.
What is an "adjective"?

An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun, providing more information about it. Adjectives help to specify qualities, characteristics, or features of the noun they accompany. For example, in the phrase "a tall building," "tall" is the adjective that describes the height of the building. Adjectives can indicate various attributes, such as size, color, shape, or feelings, like "blue," "round," or "happy." In English, adjectives usually come before the noun, but they can also appear after verbs like "is" or "seem," as in "The sky is blue." In other languages, adjectives may change form to agree with the noun in gender, number, or case, which can vary widely compared to English.

noun
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साइन इन
(नाम)

(नाम)

संज्ञा

flag
/ˈnaʊn/
समुच्चयबोधक

a word that is used to name a person, thing, event, state, etc.

example
उदाहरण
click on words
A noun is a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea.
Understanding the function of a noun is fundamental to learning English.
The rules for pluralizing nouns in English can be quite tricky.
What is a "noun"?

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are fundamental to sentences because they often serve as the subject or object. For example, in the sentence "The dog barks," "dog" is the noun that identifies the animal performing the action. Nouns can be classified into different categories, such as common nouns, which refer to general items like "car" or "city," and proper nouns, which name specific entities like "New York" or "Alice." In English, nouns can also indicate number, showing whether there is one item, like "car," or more than one, like "cars." In other languages, nouns may change form to show gender, case, or other grammatical features, which can vary widely across languages.

clause
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साइन इन
(वाक्यांश)

(वाक्यांश)

धारा

flag
/ˈkɫɔz/
समुच्चयबोधक

(grammar) a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and functions as a unit within a sentence

example
उदाहरण
click on words
In English, a clause must contain at least a subject and a verb.
The teacher explained that a clause can be a full sentence or part of a sentence.
Understanding how a clause functions can greatly improve your sentence structure.
What is a "clause"?

A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb, and it can express a complete thought or part of a thought. There are two main types of clauses: independent and dependent. An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence, like "She enjoys reading." A dependent clause, on the other hand, cannot stand alone and is usually connected to an independent clause for meaning, such as "because she loves stories." Clauses are important for constructing sentences and can add complexity by combining multiple ideas. They can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs within a sentence, enhancing the richness of language.

vocabulary
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साइन इन
शब्दावली

शब्दावली

flag
/voʊˈkæbjəˌɫɛɹi/
समुच्चयबोधक

all the words used in a particular language or subject

example
उदाहरण
click on words
Our English class today focused on vocabulary related to the environment.
His vocabulary in Spanish is quite extensive for a beginner.
Increasing your vocabulary is key to improving your English skills.
pattern

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