Társadalomtudományok

agency

Főnév

/eɪ.ʤən.si/ or /ei.jēn.si/

a

eɪ

g

ʤ

e

ə

n

n

c

s

y

i

(ügynökség)

cselekvőképesség

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

clan

Főnév

/klæn/ or /klān/

c

k

l

l

a

æ

n

n

(család)

klán

a large group of people who are related to each other

chiefdom

Főnév

/ʧif.dəm/ or /chif.dēm/

ch

ʧ

ie

i

f

f

d

d

o

ə

m

m

(főképviselet)

főnökség

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

collective

Főnév

/kə.lɛk.tɪv/ or /kē.lek.tiv/

c

k

o

ə

ll

l

e

ɛ

c

k

t

t

i

ɪ

v

v

e

(együttes)

kollektíva

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

urbanization

Főnév

/ɜr.bə.nə.zeɪ.ʃən/ or /ēr.bē.nē.zei.shēn/

u

ɜ

r

r

b

b

a

ə

n

n

i

ə

z

z

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(urbanizáció)

városiasodás

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

civilization

Főnév

/sɪ.və.lɪ.zeɪ.ʃən/ or /si.vē.li.zei.shēn/

c

s

i

ɪ

v

v

i

ə

l

l

i

ɪ

z

z

a

eɪ

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ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(társadalom)

civilizáció

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

bureaucracy

Főnév

/bjʊ.rɑk.rə.si/ or /byoo.raak.rē.si/

b

b

u

jʊ

r

r

eau

ɑ

c

k

r

r

a

ə

c

s

y

i

(hivatalnoki rendszer)

bürokrácia

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

socialization

Főnév

/soʊ.ʃə.lɪ.zeɪ.ʃən/ or /sooo.shē.li.zei.shēn/

s

s

o

oʊ

c

ʃ

ia

ə

l

l

i

ɪ

z

z

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(szocializáció)

társadalmi kapcsolatok

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

civil right

Főnév

/sˈɪvəl ɹˈaɪt/

(állampolgári jog)

polgári jog

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

status quo

Főnév

/stˈæɾəs kwˈoʊ/

(meglévő helyzet)

aktuális állapot

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

industrialization

Főnév

/ɪn.dəst.riə.lɪ.zeɪ.ʃən/ or /in.dēst.riē.li.zei.shēn/

i

ɪ

n

n

d

d

u

ə

s

s

t

t

r

r

ia

iə

l

l

i

ɪ

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a

eɪ

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ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(iparosítás)

iparosodás

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

aristocracy

Főnév

/ɛ.rəs.tɑk.rə.si/ or /e.rēs.taak.rē.si/

a

ɛ

r

r

i

ə

s

s

t

t

o

ɑ

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k

r

r

a

ə

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s

y

i

(nemesség)

arisztokrácia

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

royalty

Főnév

/rɔɪəl.ti/ or /rawiēl.ti/

r

r

o

ɔ

y

ɪ

a

ə

l

l

t

t

y

i

(királyi család)

királyság

kings and queens and any member of their families

infrastructure

Főnév

/ɪnf.rə.strək.ʧɜr/ or /inf.rē.strēk.chēr/

i

ɪ

n

n

f

f

r

r

a

ə

s

s

t

t

r

r

u

ə

c

k

t

ʧ

u

ɜ

r

r

e

(infrastruktúrai rendszer)

infrastruktúra

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

legitimacy

Főnév

/lə.ʤɪ.tə.mə.si/ or /lē.ji.tē.mē.si/

l

l

e

ə

g

ʤ

i

ɪ

t

t

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ə

m

m

a

ə

c

s

y

i

(jogosság)

legitimitás

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

theory of mind

Főnév

/θˈiəɹi ʌv mˈaɪnd/

(tudatelmélet)

elmeelmélet

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

civil disobedience

Főnév

/sˈɪvəl dˌɪsoʊbˈiːdiəns/

(társadalmi engedetlenség)

polgári engedetlenség

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

nonconformity

Főnév

/ˌnɑnkənˈfɔɹməti/

(nem konformitás)

nem megfelelőség

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

outcast

Főnév

/aʊt.kæst/ or /aoot.kāst/

o

a

u

ʊ

t

t

c

k

a

æ

s

s

t

t

(kizárt)

kirekesztett

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

refugee

Főnév

/rɛ.fju.ʤi/ or /re.fyoo.ji/

r

r

e

ɛ

f

f

u

ju

g

ʤ

ee

i

(betelepült)

menekült

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

commune

Főnév

/kɑ.mjun/ or /kaa.myoon/

c

k

o

ɑ

mm

m

u

ju

n

n

e

(község)

önkormányzat

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

parish

Főnév

/pæ.rɪʃ/ or /pā.rish/

p

p

a

æ

r

r

i

ɪ

sh

ʃ

(egyházi közösség)

plébánia

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

caste

Főnév

/kæst/ or /kāst/

c

k

a

æ

s

s

t

t

e

(csoport)

kaszt

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

echelon

Főnév

/ɛ.ʃə.lɑn/ or /e.shē.laan/

e

ɛ

ch

ʃ

e

ə

l

l

o

ɑ

n

n

(rangsor)

szint

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

station

Főnév

/steɪ.ʃən/ or /stei.shēn/

s

s

t

t

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(helyzet)

állás

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

classist

melléknév

/klæ.sɪst/ or /klā.sist/

c

k

l

l

a

æ

ss

s

i

ɪ

s

s

t

t

(osztályszempontú)

osztályalapú

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

humble

melléknév

/həm.bəl/ or /hēm.bēl/

h

h

u

ə

m

m

b

b

ə

l

l

e

(kicsinyesség)

alázatos

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

socioeconomic

melléknév

/soʊ.sioʊɛk.nɑ.mɪk/ or /sooo.sioooek.naa.mik/

s

s

o

oʊ

c

s

ioe

ioʊɛ

c

k

o

n

n

o

ɑ

m

m

i

ɪ

c

k

(szocioökonómiai)

társadalmi-gazdasági

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

indigenous

melléknév

/ɪn.dɪ.ʤə.nəs/ or /in.di.jē.nēs/

i

ɪ

n

n

d

d

i

ɪ

g

ʤ

e

ə

n

n

ou

ə

s

s

(hagyományos)

őslakos

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

humanitarian

melléknév

/hju.mæ.nə.tɛ.riən/ or /hyoo.mā.nē.te.riēn/

h

h

u

ju

m

m

a

æ

n

n

i

ə

t

t

a

ɛ

r

r

ia

iə

n

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(humanitárius jellegű)

humanitárius

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

cosmopolitan

melléknév

/kɑz.mə.pɑ.lə.tən/ or /kaaz.mē.paa.lē.tēn/

c

k

o

ɑ

s

z

m

m

o

ə

p

p

o

ɑ

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l

i

ə

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t

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(világpolgári)

kozmopolita

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

utopian

melléknév

/ju.toʊ.piən/ or /yoo.tooo.piēn/

u

ju

t

t

o

oʊ

p

p

ia

iə

n

n

(utópikus)

utópiás

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

progressive

melléknév

/prəg.rɛ.sɪv/ or /prēg.re.siv/

p

p

r

r

o

ə

g

g

r

r

e

ɛ

ss

s

i

ɪ

v

v

e

(előremutató)

progresszív

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

militant

melléknév

/mɪ.lə.tənt/ or /mi.lē.tēnt/

m

m

i

ɪ

l

l

i

ə

t

t

a

ə

n

n

t

t

(harcos)

militáns

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

to census

ige

/sɛn.səs/ or /sen.sēs/

c

s

e

ɛ

n

n

s

s

u

ə

s

s

(népszámlálást végez)

népszámlál

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

to assimilate

ige

/ə.sɪ.mə.leɪt/ or /ē.si.mē.leit/

a

ə

ss

s

i

ɪ

m

m

i

ə

l

l

a

eɪ

t

t

e

(beilleszkedik)

asszimilál

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices