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Access journalism refers to a type of reporting where journalists focus on gaining access to influential people, events, or information rather than prioritizing independent investigation or critical analysis. Reporters practicing access journalism often build relationships with powerful figures or organizations, and in return, they may receive exclusive interviews, inside information, or special treatment. While this can lead to valuable insights, it sometimes raises concerns about bias or a lack of objectivity, as reporters may avoid challenging the people or organizations that provide them with access.

Advocacy journalism refers to a type of reporting where journalists promote a specific cause, belief, or point of view, often aiming to influence public opinion or bring about social change. Rather than presenting news in a neutral or objective manner, advocacy journalists actively support a particular issue, such as environmental protection or human rights, and use their work to advocate for it. While this approach can raise awareness of important issues, it can also lead to criticism for lacking balance or fairness, as the focus is more on pushing an agenda than on providing all sides of a story.

Broadcast journalism is the field of journalism that involves reporting, producing, and presenting news through television, radio, or online platforms. Journalists in this field gather information, conduct interviews, and create reports to share with the public in a timely manner. Broadcast journalists often present news in a clear and engaging way, making use of visuals, audio, and other media tools to inform and entertain their audience. They work in various roles, including reporters, anchors, and producers, and are responsible for keeping the public updated on current events.

Business journalism is the reporting of news and information related to businesses, industries, markets, and the economy. It focuses on topics like financial trends, company performances, market updates, and economic policies that affect individuals, companies, and communities. Business journalists research and analyze complex data, presenting it in a clear and understandable way to help people make informed decisions. This type of journalism is important for tracking developments in commerce and understanding how economic changes impact society.

Citizen journalism refers to the practice of ordinary people reporting news and information, often through digital platforms like social media, blogs, or videos. Unlike traditional journalists, citizens gather and share news stories from their own perspective, sometimes covering events that may not be reported by mainstream media. This type of journalism allows a wider range of voices to be heard and can provide immediate coverage. While it can be a valuable source of information, it also requires careful attention to accuracy and reliability.

Data journalism involves using data, statistics, and other numerical information to tell stories and report news. Journalists in this field analyze large sets of data to uncover patterns, trends, and insights that can help explain complex issues. The information is often presented in visual formats, such as charts, graphs, or maps, to make it easier for the audience to understand. Data journalism is important because it allows journalists to back up their stories with evidence, helping to provide a more accurate and in-depth understanding of current events.

Gonzo journalism is a style of reporting where the journalist becomes a central part of the story, often blending fact with fiction and using a highly personal, subjective approach. The term is associated with unconventional, sometimes wild, and exaggerated writing, where the journalist's own experiences, emotions, and opinions are openly expressed. This type of journalism often breaks traditional rules of objectivity and focuses on raw, immersive storytelling. Gonzo journalism aims to create a more engaging and entertaining narrative, while still addressing serious topics in a unique way.

Interactive journalism is a style of reporting that involves audience participation, allowing readers or viewers to engage directly with the content. This type of journalism often includes features like polls, comment sections, multimedia elements, or interactive maps, giving people a chance to share their opinions, ask questions, or explore information in more depth. By using digital tools, interactive journalism creates a two-way communication between journalists and the public, making the news experience more engaging and personalized. It helps make complex stories more accessible and encourages active involvement from the audience.

Investigative journalism involves in-depth research and reporting on important issues, often uncovering hidden facts, corruption, or wrongdoing. Journalists in this field dig deep into topics, using various sources and methods to gather information that may not be easily accessible or widely known. The goal is to expose truths that have a significant impact on society, often holding powerful individuals, organizations, or governments accountable. Investigative journalism is essential for providing transparency, ensuring that important stories are told, and helping to bring about social or political change.

War journalism focuses on reporting news and stories related to armed conflicts, military actions, and their impact on societies. Journalists in this field cover events such as battles, the experiences of soldiers and civilians, and the broader effects of war on countries and regions. They often work in dangerous environments, gathering information from the front lines or areas affected by conflict. War journalism is important for documenting the realities of war, informing the public about its consequences, and providing a record of historical events during times of conflict.

Watchdog journalism refers to a type of reporting that holds individuals, organizations, or governments accountable for their actions, often by exposing corruption, abuse of power, or unethical behavior. Journalists in this field act as "watchdogs" by closely monitoring the actions of those in positions of authority and investigating issues that may harm the public. This form of journalism plays a crucial role in ensuring transparency, protecting public interests, and encouraging accountability. Watchdog journalism often involves thorough research, fact-checking, and reporting on topics that may otherwise go unnoticed or unchallenged.

Chequebook journalism refers to the practice of paying sources for information, stories, or interviews. This type of journalism often involves paying individuals for exclusive access or revealing details about events, people, or scandals. While it can sometimes lead to breaking important stories, chequebook journalism can raise ethical concerns about the influence of money on the accuracy or integrity of the information. Critics argue that paying for stories may encourage sensationalism or the manipulation of facts, while supporters believe it can provide valuable insights that would not be otherwise available.

Churnalism refers to the practice of producing news stories quickly and with minimal effort, often by simply reusing or slightly altering press releases, reports, or other sources without original investigation or critical analysis. Journalists in this field may rely heavily on ready-made content, leading to repetitive, shallow reporting. Churnalism is often criticized for prioritizing speed and volume over accuracy and depth, resulting in news that lacks thorough research or independent thought. This practice can contribute to a lack of quality in journalism and limit the diversity of perspectives presented to the audience.

Explanatory journalism focuses on providing clear, detailed explanations of complex issues, events, or topics to help the audience understand them better. Journalists in this field break down complicated subjects into simpler, more accessible information, often using context, background, and visuals to make the story easier to follow. Explanatory journalism goes beyond reporting basic facts by addressing "why" and "how" questions, giving the audience a deeper understanding of the topic. It is valuable for helping people make sense of complicated news, such as scientific discoveries, economic trends, or political policies.

Open-source journalism refers to the practice of gathering, sharing, and reporting news using publicly available information and collaborative tools. Journalists in this field often rely on open data, online platforms, and crowdsourced contributions from the public to create stories. This type of journalism encourages transparency and participation, allowing anyone with access to the Internet to contribute to the news-gathering process. Open-source journalism can be particularly useful for covering events in real-time, especially in situations where traditional reporting might be limited or restricted, and it promotes a more fair approach to news production.

Analytic journalism involves examining and interpreting news stories by breaking them down into smaller, more understandable parts. Journalists in this field focus on explaining the causes, effects, and connections behind events, often using data and expert opinions to support their analysis. Rather than simply reporting facts, analytic journalism aims to provide a deeper understanding of complex issues, helping the audience see the bigger picture. This approach is valuable for explaining trends, policies, or events that have long-term impacts, and it encourages critical thinking among readers or viewers.

Civic journalism is a form of reporting that focuses on involving the public in the news process, encouraging citizens to actively participate in discussions about important community issues. Journalists in this field aim to create a connection between the media and the people, often highlighting local concerns and providing a platform for public voices. Civic journalism emphasizes engagement, making the news more relevant to everyday life, and it seeks to encourage informed participation in civic life, such as voting or community decision-making. It aims to strengthen society by keeping people informed and involved.

Collaborative journalism is a type of reporting where journalists from different organizations or backgrounds work together to share resources, information, and expertise to cover a story more thoroughly. This approach encourages teamwork, allowing reporters to combine their knowledge and skills to produce more detailed and accurate news. Collaborative journalism often involves partnerships between local and national media outlets or between journalists and the public. It helps improve the quality of reporting by pooling resources and perspectives, leading to more comprehensive coverage of important issues.

Comics journalism uses the art of comics to tell news stories, combining illustrations with written text to communicate information. Journalists in this field create graphic stories that present factual news in a visual format, often making complex topics easier to understand and more engaging. Comics journalism can cover a wide range of subjects, from social issues to political events, and is especially effective in conveying emotions or experiences that words alone may not fully capture. This style of journalism offers a creative and accessible way to present news, attracting a wider audience.

Community journalism focuses on reporting news and stories that are relevant to a specific local community. Journalists in this field cover topics such as local events, issues, and concerns that directly affect the people in that area. The aim is to provide the community with information that helps them stay informed, make decisions, and connect with one another. Community journalism often includes contributions from local residents and emphasizes the importance of local perspectives. This type of journalism strengthens ties within communities and supports informed, active participation in local affairs.

Opinion journalism is a type of reporting where journalists express their personal views or analysis on specific issues, events, or topics. Unlike traditional news reporting, which focuses on presenting facts in an unbiased way, opinion journalism allows the writer to share their perspectives, offering insight, commentary, or argument on the subject matter. This style often appears in editorials, columns, or opinion pieces, where the goal is to influence public opinion, provoke thought, or spark discussion. Opinion journalism is important for offering diverse viewpoints and helping audiences understand different perspectives on important issues.

Backpack journalism refers to the practice of journalists working independently while handling all aspects of news reporting, from gathering information to writing and producing content. Journalists in this field typically carry portable equipment, such as cameras, microphones, and computers, allowing them to work quickly and efficiently in various locations. Backpack journalism is especially useful for covering breaking news, remote areas, or situations where larger news teams cannot easily operate. It gives reporters the flexibility to be more self-reliant, while also providing a more personal, hands-on approach to storytelling.